Respiratory Disorders Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is asthma?
INFLAMMATION
RAD = RESPONSIVE AIRWAY DISEASE
CONSTRICTION
INTERMITTENT CONDITION, TRIGGERS
What are some triggers of asthma?
ALLERGENS, RTI, EXERCISE, SMOKE, MEDICATIONS, ANXIETY, INHALANTS
What are some s/s of asthma?
COUGH, DYSPNEA, WHEEZING, CHEST TIGHTNESS, TACHYCARDIA, TACHYPNEA, ANXIETY, PROLONGED EXPIRATIONS
How do you manage a chronic condition such as asthma?
HISTORY
ASSESSMENT
RR, ACCESSORY MUSCLES, LUNG SOUNDS, CYANOSIS, O2 SAT
LABS… ABG, EOSINOPHILS, IGE, ALLERGY TESTING
PFT
TREAT SYMPTOMS IN PRIORITY ORDER
What categories of medications are used to manage asthma?
- Preventative
- Rescue
- Anti-inflammatory
What are some preventative medications used for asthma?
ADVAIR (Fluticasone propionate / Salmeterol)
SYMBICORT (Budesonide / Formoterol)
SINGULAIR (Montelukast)
What rescue medication is used for asthma?
ALBUTEROL
Which anti-inflammatory medications are used for asthma?
CORTICOSTERIODS
NSAIDS?
LEUKOTRIENE
IMMUNOMODULATORS
Describe COPD
AKA … CAL
INCLUDES EMPHYSEMA AND CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
MUCOUS PRODUCTION
SMOKING AND ENVIRONMENTAL/WORK EFFECTS
What is COPD characterized by?
Emphysema, Chronic bronchitis - both exhibit bronchospasm and dyspnea. Tissue damage is not reversible; it increases in severity and eventually leads to respiratory failure.
What is emphysema and how does it present?
Destruction of alveoli - air trapping Barrel chest Dyspnea even at rest Tachypnea Accessory muscle use Prolonged respirations Breath sounds diminished
What is chronic bronchitis and how does it present?
Chronic inflammatory process r/t inhaled irritants
- copious amounts of thick mucous production
- cyanosis
- congestion of the airway, alveoli are not affected
- bronchospasm
What are the complications of COPD?
- Chronic low O2 Sat
- Respiratory acidosis
- Chronic infections and difficult recovery
- Cardiac failure and dysrhythmias
How is COPD managed?
HISTORY AND ASSESSMENT SMOKING CESSATION TRIPOD POSITION ANXIETY MANAGEMENT SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN (DO THEY NEED AT HOME?) REST PERIODS PURSE LIP BREATHING PFT, ABG, CBC, CXR NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT PREVENT INFECTION
What medications are used for COPD?
FLU AND PNEUMONIA VACCINES SALMETEROL SERVENT DISK/ADVAIR ALBUTEROL XOPENEX IPRATROPIUM THEOPHYLLINE FLUTICASONE SOLUMEDROL MUCOLYTICS MONITOR NSAID USE
What is sinusitis?
Rhinitis
Rhinosinusitis
What is influenza and how is managed?
It is viral
Transmitted through respiratory droplets
Symptom management
Oseltamivir
Describe Pneumonia
Community acquired
Nocosomial/HAP
Opportunistic
HCAP
What are the manifestations of infectious pneumonias?
Pneumococcal - abrupt onset w/productive cough, purulent, rust colored, pleuritic/achieving CP, Dec breath sounds, crackles, dyspnea, cyanosis
- chills & fever
Primary atypical pneumonia - gradual onset w/dry hacking, NPC
- fever, HA, myalgias, arthralgias
Viral pneumonia - sudden or gradual onset w/dry cough
- flu-like symptoms
Pneumocystis - abrupt onset -dry cough, tachypnea & dyspnea, resp. Distress
- fever
Pneumocystis - abrupt onset - dry
What diagnostic tests are ordered for pneumonia?
CHEST X-RAY SPUTUM GRAM STAIN SPUTUM CULTURE AND SENSITIVITY COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT (CBC) WITH WHITE BLOOD CELL (WBC) DIFFERENTIAL SEROLOGY WHEN BLOOD AND SPUTUM TESTS ARE NEGATIVE PULSE OXIMETRY CONTINUOUSLY MONITOR GAS EXCHANGE ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES (ABGS) FIBEROPTIC BRONCHOSCOPY
What are some nursing considerations for care for pneumonia?
- ineffective airway clearance
- ineffective breathing pattern
- activity intolerance
What are some Tx for pneumonia?
IMMUNIZATION/PREVENTION OXYGENATION MEDICATIONS MUCUS REDUCERS BRONCHODILATORS NEB TX AND CHEST PT ABX ANTIPYRETICS FLUIDS
What are the different antibiotic therapies for the different strains of pneumonia?
Streptococcus Pneumoniae - Penicillin G, amoxicillin
Hemophilia influenza - 2nd or 3rd gen cephalosporins: Doxycycline, Azithromycin, TMP-SMZ
Staphylococcus aureus - Vancomycin for MRSA, Naficillin for penicillin resistant
Kelbsiella pneumoniae - metronidazole
Pneumocystitis - TMP-SMZ, pentamidine and prednisone
How is TB transmitted?
- transmitted in droplets
- remains airborne for hours
