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NURS 366 > Respiratory Distress In Children > Flashcards

Respiratory Distress In Children Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of acute illness in children

A

Respiratory infection

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2
Q

Which age range of children will have the most severe reaction to a respiratory illness ?

A

<3 years old

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3
Q

Factors that influence severity of respiratory illness in children

A

Size/age of child, infectious agent, season, resistance, living conditions, preexisting conditions

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4
Q

Where do respiratory illnesses usually target?

A

Upper respiratory tract

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5
Q

What kind of breathing do infants do?

A

Periodic breathing

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6
Q

Types of adventitious sounds

A

Rhonchi, wheezes, crackles, rales

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7
Q

3 things to promote in children with respiratory problems

A

Rest, comfort, hydration

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8
Q

What is acute viral nasopharyngitis?

A

Common cold

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9
Q

Causes of the common cold (viruses)

A

Rhinovirus, RSV, adenovirus, enteroviruses, influenza viruses, parainfluenza

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10
Q

When can ibuprofen be given to an infant (age)?

A

> 6 months

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11
Q

How would you diagnose acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)?

A

Nasopharyngeal swab (rtpcr)

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12
Q

What viruses cause influenza?

A

Orthomyxoviruses (types A, b, and c)

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13
Q

How is the flu diagnosed?

A

Nasopharyngealswab (rtpcr)

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14
Q

How many viruses are tested in a RTPCR test?

A

~20

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15
Q

What is a medical emergency that presents with an absence of spontaneous cough, high fever and toxic appearance, dysphagia, drooling, and agitation?

A

Acute epiglottitis

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16
Q

Which illness will normally present with a sudden onset of fever and chills?

A

Influenza

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17
Q

What cause acute epiglottitis?

A

Bacterial infection

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18
Q

How can acute epiglottitis be treated?

A

HIB vaccine

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19
Q

What is the most common croup syndrome?

A

Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis

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20
Q

Who is most commonly affected by acute laryngotracherobronchitis?

A

Young children between 6 months and 3 years

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21
Q

Most common causes of croup

A

Parainfluenza, human metapneumovirus, influenza A and B, adenovirus, and measles

22
Q

Common symptoms of croup

A

Hoarseness, brass, barky cough, inspiratory strider, respiratory distress

23
Q

Why is acute epiglottitis a medical emergency?

A

Puts the patient at risk for losing his/her airway

24
Q

What is a complication of acute laryngotracheobronchitis?

A

Bacterial tracheitis

25
Q

What is another term for acute laryngotracheobronchitis?

A

Croup

26
Q

What type of infection are bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, tb, and RSV categorized as?

A

Lower respiratory tract infections

27
Q

Common symptoms of bronchitis

A

Dry packing with a non-productive cough that gets worse at night

28
Q

What infections account for the most frequent causes of hospitalization in children younger than 1 year?

A

Bronchiolitis and respiratory syncytial virus

29
Q

By what age have most children already had RSV?

A

3

30
Q

Symptoms of bronchiolitis and RSV

A

Sneezing, wheezing, tachyphea, apnea, poor air exchange, coughing, pharyngitis, rhinorrhea, cyanosis

31
Q

What can be given to high risk patients to prevent RSV?

A

Synagis (monoclonal antibody given as an IM injection)

32
Q

What home care instructions would you provide to parents that have been given an RSV diagnosis for a 2 month old infant?

A

Encourage breastfeeding, observe infant for labored breathing or apnea, instill normal saline drops in both nares and suction before feeding and before placing to sleep

33
Q

What lower respiratory tract infection is characterized by inflammation of lobes of lungs?

A

Pneumonia

34
Q

What nursing care would you give to a patient with pneumonia?

A

Supplemental oxygen, antibiotics (depending on cause), fluids, rest, symptom management

35
Q

Can pneumonia be caused by something other than bacteria?

A

Yes

36
Q

Who is at high risk for aspiration of foreign objects or substances?

A

Children with comorbidities

37
Q

What is the most common chronic disease in childhood?

A

Asthma

38
Q

What are the categories of asthma?

A

Intermittent, mild, moderate, severe (persistent)

39
Q

What is the strongest epidemiological risk factor for chronic asthma morbidity and mortality?

A

Allergies

40
Q

What can recurrent pneumonia and/or sinusitis be a symptom of?

A

Chronic asthma

41
Q

If the therapy for the medical emergency is improving ventilation, decreasing airway resistance, relieving bronchospasm, correcting dehydration and acidosis, and treating any concurrent infection, what is the medical emergency?

A

Status asthmaticus

42
Q

Most common reason that children code

A

Respiratory failure

43
Q

Beta agonist therapy for asthma

A

Albuterol

44
Q

What type of treatment can help with croup symptoms and exacerbate asthma symptoms?

A

Cold air

45
Q

Why should a spacer be used in coordination with an inhaler?

A

To help the medication reach the lungs

46
Q

Where is the dysfunction in a patient with cystic fibrosis?

A

Exocrine glands

47
Q

How does someone get cystic fibrosis?

A

Hereditary- autosomal recessive trait

48
Q

How is cystic fibrosis diagnosed?

A

Sweat electrolyte test

49
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of cystic fibrosis?

A

Meconium ileum, GI issues (fatty and foul-smelling stools/absence of pancreatic enzymes), pulmonary/ chronic respiratory problems (wheezing, clubbing of fingernails/toenails, thick, tenacious secretions),taste salty when kissed

50
Q

What is the median survival age of someone with cystic fibrosis?

A

37 years old

NURS 366 (29 decks)

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