Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology- Test 2 > Respiratory Drugs > Flashcards

Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

(55 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Cromolyn Sodium: Mechanism of Action

A

Inhibits Mast cell degranulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Theophylline: Mechanism of Action

A

Adenosine receptor antagonist, PDE inh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Albuterol: Mechanism of Action

A

Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist (short acting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Salmeterol: Mechanism of Action

A

Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist (long acting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ipratropium: Mechanism of Action

A

Muscarinic antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fluticasone: Mechanism of Action

A

Inhaled corticosteroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Prednisone: Mechanism of Action

A

Systemic corticosteroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Montelukast: Mechanism of Action

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Zileuton: Mechanism of Action

A

5-Lipoxygenase inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which drugs are antiinflammatory?

A

(1) Fluticasone
(2) Prednisone
(3) Montelukast
(4) Zileuton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What drugs reverse bronchoconstriction?

A

(1) Theophylline
(2) Albuterol
(3) Salmeterol
(4) Ipratropium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What drugs inhibit mast cell degranulation (good as a phrophylaxis)?

A

(1) Cromolyn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the treatment goals of respiratory drugs?

A

(1) To reverse acute episodes
(2) To control recurrent episodes
(3) To reduce bronchial inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are released in asthma attacks? What do they do?

A

Autocoids; produce bronchoconstriction and increase vascular permeability in bronchi and cause mucosal edema (histamines, leukotrienes, adenosine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is bronchial tone innervated by?

A

Autonomic nervous system; Adrenergic(alpha-constriction; beta-dilation) and Cholinergic (muscarinic-constriction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What types of drugs are bronchodilators? What do they do?

A

(1) Beta-adrenergic agonists- relax bronchial smooth muscle and decrease microvascular permeability
(2) Muscarinic antagonists- inhibit the effects of endogenous ACh
(3) Theophylline- reduces the frequency of recurrent bronchospasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What types of drugs are non-bronchodilators?

A

(1) Corticosteroids- control mucus production and edema
(2) Cromolyn- controls mediator response
(3) Leukotriene modulators- antagonize mediator receptors or decrease their synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the most effective bronchodilators?

A

Beta-adrenergic agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How are beta-adrenergic agonists given? Why?

A

Inhalation; to avoid systemic effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 2 beta-adrenergic agonists and which is slow/fast acting? Which is number 1 drug during acute asthma attack? Which is used for maintenance treatment?

A

(1) Albuterol- FAST (3-6 hr); ACUTE

(2) Salmeterol- LONG (>12 hr); MAINTENANCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What drugs are useful in prevention of exercise-induced asthma?

A

Beta-adrenergic agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What may happen with continuous use of beta-adrenergic agonists? How can you combat this?

A

Patient may result in desensitization of adrenergic receptors; prevented or reversed by using corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What may happen in high doses of beta-adrenergic agonists?

Study These Flashcards
A

Tachycardia, palpitations, tremor (more systemic effects)

24
Q

<p>

| What type of drug is Ipratropium? What is it a synthetic analog of?</p>

Study These Flashcards
A

<p>

| A muscarinic receptor antagonist; synthetic analog of atropine</p>

25
T/F Ipratroprium has some anti-inflammatory activity.
FALSE
26
When is Ipratroprium used?
(1) In COPD to decrease cholinergic tone | (2) In asthma in combination with beta-adrenergic agonists- Different mechanism of action!
27
How is Ipratroprium given?
Inhaled (has negligible side effects)
28
T/F Ipratroprium is a weak bronchodilator and inhibitor of airway secretory glands.
TRUE
29
Why do you use Ipratroprium with Beta-adrenergic agonists?
The combination is more effective and less toxic than either drug alone (can use lower doses of each)
30
What drug is a methylxanthine? What are some other examples of this?
Theophylline; Caffeine, theo bromine (found in chocolate)
31
What does Theophylline do?
Relaxes smooth muscles of the body, especially if bronchi have been constricted by a spasmogen as in asthma
32
How is Theophylline given?
Orally, it is ineffective by aerosol
33
What are the 2 different mechanisms Theophylline works in?
(1) Adenoside receptor blockade | (2) Phosphodiesterase inhibition
34
When is Theophylline used?
In chronic asthma
35
Which drug is more effect and faster? Theophylline or beta-adrenergic agonists?
Beta-adrenergic agonists
36
What are the mild, potentially serious, and severe toxicities within Theophylline?
(1) Mild (30mg/L)- nausea, vomiting, headache, insomnia, and nervousness (2) Potentially serious- sinus tachycardia (3) Severe- cardiac arrythmias, seizures
37
Why does Theophylline need to be monitored?
It has a clearance variability with a narrow safety index (10-20 mg/L); clearance is influenced by smoking and other drugs metabolized in the liver
38
What are Fluticasone's 2 mechanisms of action?
(1) Block release of arachidonic acid and it's metabolites (leukotrienes) (2) Inhibits production of pro-inflammatory cytokines
39
When is Fluticasone used?
In chronic asthma, lowers the frequency of acute episodes
40
What is the most important part of the arachidonic acid synthesis?
Leukotrienes
41
Fluticasone- Adverse effects?
Dysphonia and/or esophageal candidiasis
42
What are the most effective drugs for asthma unresponsive to bronchodilators and inhaled steroids?
Oral or injected Prednisone
43
How long do you want to continue Prednisone after recovery from exacerbation? How would you continue use?
8-10 days; every other day to decrease side effects
44
Prednisone- Adverse Effects
glucose intolerance, sodium and water retention, increased BP, peptic ulcer, immunosuppression, etc.
45
What is Cromolyn Sodium useful for?
Prophylaxis; it stabilizes mast cells and decreases airway responsiveness to spasmogens (if you're having an asthma attack, the mast cells have already degranulated)
46
What population is Cromolyn Sodium effective for?
Children and adolescents
47
When does the Cromolyn become effective? (How long do you have to take it?)
After 4-6 weeks of treatment
48
T/F Cromolyn Sodium does not have any bronchodilating activity.
TRUE
49
Cromolyn Sodium- Adverse Effects
Virtually no toxicity!
50
What are the 2 types of Leukotriene modulators? Which drugs go with each?
(1) Inhibitors of LT synthesis- block the production: Zileuton (2) LT receptor (LTD4) antagonists- block the response to leukotrienes: Montelukast
51
What are leukotriene modulators used for?
Maintenance therapy; they reduce frequency of acute episodes; useful in children in chronic treatment of mild to moderate asthma
52
Zileuton: Drug Interactions
- It can elevate liver enzymes and increases the concentrations of theophylline and warfarin because it inhibits P450 in the liver
53
Which are more effective antiinflammatory agents? Corticosteroids, Leukotriene modulators?
Corticosteroids
54
How are Leukotriene modulators given?
Orally
55
Why do asthmatics have severe response to ASA sometimes?
because ASA inhibits cyclooxygenase which is part of the arachidonic pathway

Pharmacology- Test 2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions