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Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

`Albuterol (Proventil and Others)
Class:

A

Sympathomimetic, bronchodilator, beta 2 agonist

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2
Q

Albuterol (Proventil and Others)
Description:

A

Sympathomimetic selective for beta 2 adrenergic receptor. Relaxes smooth muscle of bronchial tree and peripheral vasculature by stimulating adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic nervous system

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3
Q

Albuterol (Proventil and Others)
Onset and duration:

A

Onset: 5-8min
Duration: 2-6hrs

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4
Q

Albuterol (Proventil and Others)
Indications:

A

Relief of bronchospasm related to toxic inhalation, or pts w obstructive airway disease
Prevention of exercise induce bronchospasm
Anaphylaxis
Hyperkalemia

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5
Q

Albuterol (Proventil and Others)
Contraindications:

A

Hypersensitivity
Cardiac dysrhythmias associated w tachycardia

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6
Q

Albuterol (Proventil and Others)
Adverse reactions

A

Restlessness, apprehension
Dizziness, Palpitations, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, tremors

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7
Q

Albuterol (Proventil and Others)
Drug interactions:

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) may potentiate effects on vasodilation
Betablockers may antagonize albuterol
May potentiate diuretic induced hypokalemia

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8
Q

Albuterol (Proventil and Others)
How Supplied:

A

MDI: 90mcg/ spray
Solution: 0.5% (5MG/ML), (2.5mg) in 3 ml unit dose

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9
Q

Albuterol (Proventil and Others)
Dosage and administration:

A

Adult
2.5-5mg diluted in 3ml NS nebulized over 5-15min, 3-4 times a day
MDI 1-2 puffs every 4-6 hours, max 12 a day
Peds
0.1-0.2mg/kg in 2 ml of NS can repeat in 20min
less 44lbs 2.5mg/dose
greater 44 5mg/dose
MDI 4-8 puffs

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10
Q

Albuterol (Proventil and Others)
Special considerations

A

May precipitate angina pectoris

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11
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Class:

A

Glucocorticoid

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12
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Description:

A

Synthetic steroid suppressing inflammation. Potentiates vascular smooth muscle relaxation by beta adrenergic agonists, may alter airway hyperactivity.

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13
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Onset and duration

A

Onset: 1-2hrs
Duration: 8-24hrs

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14
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Indications:

A

Anaphylaxis
Bronchodilator unresponsive asthma, COPD
Shock
Adrenal insufficiency

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15
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Contraindications

A

GI bleeds, diabetes mellitus, severe infection
IM route for PTs with idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura

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16
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Drug interactions:

A

Response to insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents may be blunted
Potassium depleting agents may potentiate hypokalemia

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17
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Adverse reactions:

A

Headache
Hypertension
sodium and water retention
hypokalemia
alkalosis
hyperglycemia
insomnia
psychosis

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18
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
How supplied

A

20,40,80mg/ml, 125 mg/2ml

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19
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Dosage and administration:

A

Adult
2mg/kg up to 125 IV, or 40-125mg IV
Peds
2mg/kg IV max 60mg

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20
Q

Dexamethasone (decadron, hexadrol, and others)
Class:

A

Glucocorticoid

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21
Q

Dexamethasone (decadron, hexadrol, and others)
Description:

A

Synthetic steroid related to natural hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex. Suppresses inflammation, relaxes vascular and bronchial smooth muscle by beta adrenergic agonist. Treats allergic reactions and asthma and reduces swelling in the CNS

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22
Q

Dexamethasone (decadron, hexadrol, and others)
Onset and duration:

A

Onset 4-8hrs
Duration 24-72 hrs

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23
Q

Dexamethasone (decadron, hexadrol, and others)
Indications:

A

Endocrine, rheumatic, and hematologic disorders
Acute mountain sickness
Allergic states
Bronchospasm
Shock w history of adrenal insufficiency, steroid dependence, fluid refractory shock
Cronic inflammation
croup
high altitude cerebral edema

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24
Q

Dexamethasone (decadron, hexadrol, and others)
Contraindications:

A

Hypersensitivity
Active untreated infections

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25
Dexamethasone (decadron, hexadrol, and others) Adverse reactions:
Decreased wound healing, hypertension, GI bleeds, hyperglycemia
26
Dexamethasone (decadron, hexadrol, and others) Drug interactions:
Barbiturates and phenytoin can decrease effect
27
Dexamethasone (decadron, hexadrol, and others) How supplied:
4mg/ml in 1,5,10,25,30 ml vials 10mg/ml in 10ml vials, 1ml syringe, 1ml ampule 20mg/ml in 5 ml vials, 5ml syringe, 24mg/ml in 5 and 10 ml vials
28
Dexamethasone (decadron, hexadrol, and others) Dosage and administration:
Adult 4-20mg/day or in 2-4 doses 0.4-0.8mg/kg max 40mg/day IV/IM Peds 1 dose .6mg/kg PO/IM/IV max 16mg Acute mountain sickness .15mg/kg PO/IM/IV max 4mg High altitude cerebral edema 8mg IM, IV, PO
29
Magnesium Sulfate Class:
Electrolyte, anticonvulsant, class V antidysrhythmic
30
Magnesium Sulfate Description:
Reduces striated muscle contraction and blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission by reducing acetylcholine release at the myoneural junction. Slows SA node impulse and prolongs conduction time. Enhances movement of calcium, potassium, and sodium in and out of cells and stabilizes excitable cell membranes.
31
Magnesium Sulfate Onset and duration:
Onset: IV immediate, IM 1hr Duration: IV 30min, IM 3-4hr
32
Magnesium Sulfate Indication:
Seizures from eclampsia Cardiac arrest, only torsades/ hypomagnesemia Life threatening dysrhythmias attributed able to digitalis toxicity Suspected hypomagnesemia Status asthmaticus not responsible to beta adrenergic Bronchodilator after beta agonist and anticholinergic agents have been used Uterine relaxation (Inhibit contractions)
33
Magnesium Sulfate Contraindications:
Heart block or myocardial damage Hypermagnesemia or hypercalcemia Diabetic coma hypersensitivity
34
Magnesium Sulfate Adverse Reactions:
Diaphoresis Facial flushing Hypotension Depressed reflexes Hypothermia Bradycardia Circulatory collapse Respiratory depression/ arrest Diarrhea Nausea vomiting
35
Magnesium Sulfate Drug interactions:
CNS depressant enhanced if taking other CNS depressants Cardiac changes
36
Magnesium Sulfate How supplied:
10%, 12.5%, 50%, solution in 40, 80, 100, 125 mg/ml
37
Magnesium Sulfate Dosage:
Status Asthmaticus or Bronchoconstriction Adult Max 2g over 10-15min Peds (less than 12) 50 mg/kg IV with range of 25-75mg/kg over 20min, 2g max
38
Epinephrine (Adrenaline) Class:
Sympathomimetic
39
Epinephrine (Adrenaline) Description:
Stimulates alpha, beta 1 and 2, increasing HR and broncho dilation. Causes vasoconstriction and antagonizes effects of histamine
40
Epinephrine (Adrenaline) Onset and duration:
Onset Subcutaneous 5-10 min IV 1-2min Duration IM 5-10min
41
Epinephrine (Adrenaline) Indications
Anaphylaxis Cardiac arrest PEA VF and pulseless VT unresponsive to deliberation Symptomatic bradycardia when pacing and atropine fail Shock Bronchial asthma CROUP/ bronchiolitis
42
Epinephrine (Adrenaline) Contraindications
Hypersensitivity Hypovolemic shock Dilated cardiomyopathy Coronary insufficiency Epinephrine (Adrenaline) VT from cocaine
43
Epinephrine (Adrenaline) Adverse reactions:
Tachycardia headache nausea vomiting restlessness weakness dysrhythmias, VT and VF hypertension angina pectoris
44
Epinephrine (Adrenaline) How supplied
Parenteral 0.1mg/ml or 1mg/ml Autoinjector 1mg/ml
45
Epinephrine (Adrenaline) Dosage
Anaphylactic Or Bronchoconstriction Adult 0.3mg IM in anterolateral thigh repeat 5-15min if needed Peds 0.01mg/kg IM max single dose 0.3mg, repeat 15min Stridor or bronchospasm Anaphylaxis: 5ml (.1mg/ml) nebulized Croup: 3MG in 3ml NS nebulized
46
Ipratropium (Atrovent) Class:
Anticholinergic, bronchodilator
47
Ipratropium (Atrovent) Description:
Inhibits interaction of acetylcholine on bronchial smooth muscle, causing bronchial dilation
48
Ipratropium (Atrovent) Onset and Duration:
Onset 15min Duration 2-4hrs
49
Ipratropium (Atrovent) Indication:
Bronchospasm COPD exacerbation
50
Ipratropium (Atrovent) Contraindications:
Hypertensives to ipratropium, atropine, soybean oil, or peanuts
51
Ipratropium (Atrovent) Adverse Reactions:
Nausea and vomiting Cramps Coughing Worsening symptoms Headache Tachycardia Dry mouth blurred vision anxiety
52
Ipratropium (Atrovent) Dosage:
Adult 0.5mg in 2.5ml nebulized, repeat twice Peds 250-500mcg nebulized upto 3 doses
53
Nitroglycerine (Nitrostat) Class
Vasodilator
54
Nitroglycerine (Nitrostat) Description:
Dilates arterioles and veins, reduces preload and afterload, decreasing work of heart
55
Nitroglycerine (Nitrostat) Onset and duration
Onset 1-3 min Duration IV 3-5min, IM25min
56
Nitroglycerine (Nitrostat) Dosage (Pulmonary Edema)
Adult 2 tablets .8mg pressure over 160 3 tablets 1.2mg pressure over 200
57
Morphine Sulfate (Astramorph PF) Class:
Opioid analgesic
58
Morphine Sulfate (Astramorph PF) Description:
Respiratory and CNS depressant
59
Morphine Sulfate (Astramorph PF) Onset and Duration:
Onset 5-10min Peak 20min Duration 4-5hrs
60
Morphine Sulfate (Astramorph PF) Indications:
End of life dyspnea
61
Morphine Sulfate (Astramorph PF) Dosage (End of life dyspnea)
1-5mg, repeat as needed for

Drug Profiles (5 decks)

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