Respiratory Drugs Flashcards
(29 cards)
Beta 2 Agonist Examples
Salbutamol, Terbutaline, Salmeterol, Formoterol,
How do Beta 2 Agonists work?
Stimulating the receptor activates smooth muscle relaxation - improves airflow in constricted airways
What are the Short-Acting Beta 2 Agonists?
Salbutamol, Terbutaline
What are the Long-Acting Beta 2 Agonists?
Salmeterol, Formoterol
give with corticosteroid
Beta 2 Agonist Indications
Asthma, COPD, Hyperkalaemia
Beta 2 Agonists Contra-indications
CVD - can promote tachycardia
Beta 2 Agonists Side Effects
Tachycardia, Palpitations, Anxiety, Tremor, Muscle cramps
Beta 2 Agonists Interactions
Used with theophylline/Corticosteroids = hypokalaemia
Antimuscarinic Examples
Ipratropium (SAMA), Tiotropium (LAMA)
How do Antimuscarinics work?
Act as a competitive inhibitor to acetylcholine
Blocking the muscarinic receptor = reduces smooth muscle tone
Antimuscarinics Indications
COPD, Asthma
Antimuscarinic Contra-indications
Closed-Angle gluacoma, Arrythmias
Antimuscarinic Side Effects
Headache, Cough, Dry mouth
Corticosteroid Examples
Beclomethasone, Budesonide, Mometasone
How do Corticosteroids Work?
Down regulate interleukines and cytokines = reduced mucosal inflammation
Corticosteroid Indications
Asthma (2nd line), COPD (<50 FEV1)
Corticosteroid Contra-indications
Hx of pneumonia, Children
Corticosteroid Side Effects
Oral candidiasis, Hoarse voice
pneumonia in COPD Pxs
Mucolytics Examples
Carbocisteine, Ambroxol, Acetylcysteine
How do Mucolytics work?
Dissolve thick mucus by breaking chemical bonds
Mucolytics Indications
COPD, Cystic Fibrosis
Mucolytics Side Effects
Bronchospasm (give with salbutamol), GI Bleeding
What is an examples of a Methylxanthine?
Theophylline
How does Theophylline work?
Competitive phosphodiesterase inhibitor = reduces inflammation in airways
