Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

(27 cards)

1
Q

What is an example of a Beta-Adrenergic Bronchodilator?

A

Salbutamol,

Salmeterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the mechanism of action for salbutamol

A

Short-acting Beta-2 adrenoceptor agonists (SABA)
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, inducing bronchodilation.
Inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine release from mast cells and TNF-α release from monocytes, reducing airway inflammation.
Increase mucus clearance from the airways by stimulating cilia action.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the main indications of salbutamol and salmeterol

A

asthma

COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List some side effects of salbutamol and salmeterol

A

Tremor
Tachycardia / cardiac dysrhythmia
Headache
Sleep disturbances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is important clinically regarding Pharmacokinetics/dynamics for salbutamol

A

Only a small % of inhaled drug reaches target in the airways – a spacer may improve drug delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What information should you tell the patient before starting salbutamol

A

Check inhaler technique, review the need for spacer / nebuliser.
In exercise-induced-asthma, a dose immediately before exercise can reduce incidence of symptoms.
If required more than once daily, treatment needs reviewed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the mechanism of action for salmeterol

A

Long-acting Beta-2 adrenoceptor agonist (LABA)
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, inducing bronchodilation.
Inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine release from mast cells and TNF-α release from monocytes, reducing airway inflammation.
Increase mucus clearance from the airways by stimulating cilia action.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is important clinically regarding Pharmacokinetics/dynamics for salmeterol

A

Not to be commenced in patients with rapidly deteriorating asthma – slower onset of action than SABA’s.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What information should you tell the patient before starting salmeterol

A

Report any deterioration in symptoms following initiation of LABA.
Do not exceed stated dose.
Seek medical advice when stated dose fails to control symptoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are 2 examples of Anti-Muscarinic Bronchodilators?

A

Tiotropium

Ipratropium Bromide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the MoA for anti-muscarinic bronchodilators?

A
Muscarinic receptor (M3) antagonists producing bronchodilatory effects.
Reduces mucus secretion and may increase bronchial mucus clearance by stimulating cilia.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the main indications for Tiotropium and Ipratropium Bromide

A

Asthma
COPD
Rhinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List some side effects of Tiotropium and Ipratropium Bromide

A

dry mouth
cough
constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is important clinically regarding Pharmacokinetics/dynamics for anti-muscarinic bronchodilators

A

Inhaled and poorly absorbed into the circulation – unable to affect systemic muscarinic/cholinergic receptors
Nebulised Ipratropium Bromide should always be administered via a mouth piece to minimize the risk of acute angle closure glaucoma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What information should you tell the patient before starting an anti-muscarinic bronchodilator

A

Good inhaler technique improves efficacy.

Cough may arise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is an example of inhaled corticosteroids?

A

Beclomethasone

17
Q

what is the MoA for beclomethasone?

A

Anti-inflammatory effect on the airways.
Decrease formation of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Up-regulates beta-2-adrenoreceptors in airways.

18
Q

what are the indications for inhaled corticosteroids?

A

treatment of COPD and asthma

19
Q

List some side effects of beclomethasone:

A

oral candidiasis
adrenal suppression
osteoporosis

20
Q

what is important clinically regarding Pharmacokinetics/dynamics for inhaled corticosteroids

A

Takes several weeks to months for full effects of therapy.

Spacer devices can reduce risk of thrush and improve drug delivery.

21
Q

What information should you tell the patient before starting beclomethasone

A

If on higher dose, carry a steroid card.

Increase dose during periods of illness.

22
Q

what are some examples of anti-histamines? (H1 receptor antagonists)

A

Chlorpheniramine
Desloratidine
Fexofenadine
Hydroxyzine

23
Q

what is the MoA of anti-histamines (H1 receptor antagonists)?

A

Antihistamine; H1 receptor antagonist.

Inhibits histamine-mediated contraction and vasodilation of the bronchial smooth muscle.

24
Q

what are the indications for anti-histamines? (H1 receptor antagonists)

A

anaphylaxis
hay fever
urticaria
sedation

25
list some side effects of anti-histamines (H1 receptor antagonists)
drowsiness | tinnitus
26
what is important clinically regarding Pharmacokinetics/dynamics for anti histamines (H1 receptor antagonists)?
Renally excreted Sedation arises from central nervous system H1 antagonism (second generation H1 antagonists do not cross the blood brain barrier in therapeutic doses).
27
What information should you tell the patient before starting anti histamines (H1 receptor antagonists)?
Do not operate heavy machinery. | Do not drive.