💊- Respiratory Drugs Test

Question 0

Ventilation

Answer 0

The process of moving air into and out of the lungs

Question 1

Respiration

Answer 1

The process by which gases are exchanged

Question 2

Allergic rhinitis

Answer 2

Aka hay fever

Caused by pollen or a foreign substance

Question 3

Common cold

Answer 3

Aka acute rhinitis

Caused by rhinovirus; rhinorrhea

Question 4

How do antihistamines work

Answer 4

By blocking action of histamine at the h1 receptor decreasing secretions

Question 5

Diphenhydramine

Answer 5

Benadryl

First generation antihistamine

Anticholinergic symptoms ; highly protein bound

Question 6

What are some drug interactions with the use of antihistamines

Answer 6

Increase CNS depression with alcohol and other CNS depressants (less so with second generation)

Question 7

Decongestants

Answer 7

Sympathomimetics

Relieve nasal congestion by vasoconstriction of nasal vessels

Given oral or nose spray

Ex: pseudoephedrine (sudafed)

Question 8

Drug interactions with decongestants use

Answer 8

May decrease effect of beta blockers, increase CNS stimulation with other stimulants

Question 9

Side effects of decongestants use

Answer 9

Restlessness, palpations, increased BP and sugar

Rebound congestion occurs if taken longer than 3-5 days. Results in rebound vasodilation causing increased stuffy nose and congestion

Question 10

Intranasal glucocorticoids

Answer 10

Used to treat rhinitis

Can cause dryness of nasal mucosa

Ex: fluticasone (Flonase) , beclomethasone (beconase, beclovent)

Question 11

Antitussives

Answer 11

Used to control cough

Work by acting on the cough-control center in the medulla to suppress the cough reflex

Question 12

Narcotic antitussive

Answer 12

May cause drowsiness, dizziness and respiratory depression

Ex: codeine , hydrocodone

Question 13

Non-narcotic/OTC antitussive

Answer 13

Ex: dextromethorphan (benylin DM)

Benzonatate (tessalon perles)
Acts as an anesthetic

Question 14

Expectorants

Answer 14

Loosen bronchial secretions so they can be eliminated by coughing

Ex: guiafenesin (mucinex, robutussin)

Question 15

Side effects of expectorant use

Answer 15

Dizziness, headache and nausea

Ex: guiafenesin (mucinex, robutussin)

Question 16

Asthma

Answer 16

Reversible airflow obstruction, inflammation and hyperactive airways

Shows as wheezing, coughing, dyspnea and tightness in the chest

Question 17

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 17

Inflammation and irritation of the bronchial tree, excessive mucus production

Question 18

Emphysema

Answer 18

Bronchioles lose their elasticity, alveoli dilate

Question 19

Sympathomimetics

Answer 19

Increase cAMP, causing dilation of the bronchioles

Ex: beta adrenergic agents and epinephrine

Question 20

Beta adrenergic agents

Answer 20

Selectivity for beta2 receptors / used for asthma and COPD

Ex: albuterol (Proventil)

Question 21

What are some side effects of taking beta adrenergic agents

Answer 21

Tremors, headaches, palpations, tolerance can occur

Increased 💕rate, blood sugar

Question 22

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Answer 22

Action: nonselective alpha and beta agonist

Produces bronchodilation, restores circulation and increases airway patency

Question 23

What are some side effects of taking epinephrine

Answer 23

Dizziness , hypertension, tachycardia, dysrhythmias

Question 24

Anticholinergics

Answer 24

Prevents bronchoconstriction Used for maintenance treatment of COPD *not for emergencies Ex: tiotropium (spiriva)

Question 25

What are some anticholinergic side effects of spiriva

Answer 25

Dry mouth, abdominal pain, depression, joint pain, dyspepsia

Question 26

What is the order in which beta agonist and atrovent should be given and why ?

Answer 26

Give beta agonist 5 mins before atrovent is given Atrovent given 5 mins before steroid ; to open bronchioles before giving steroid

Question 27

Methylxanthines

Answer 27

*chemically related to caffeine* Works by relaxing smooth muscle in the bronchi, bronchioles and pulmonary blood vessels Used for maintenance of chronic stable asthma Ex: theophylline

Question 28

What is the therapeutic index for theophylline

Answer 28

10-20 mcg/ml

Question 29

What drugs should be avoided when taking theophylline

Answer 29

Avoid CNS stimulants including herbals Avoid nicotine

Question 30

Side effects of taking methylxanthines

Answer 30

Ex: theophylline Causes nausea, vomiting and CNS stimulation (cardio-respiratory collapse, dysrhythmia, convulsions and vasodilation) Increase blood sugar, decrease clotting time *has diuretic effects

Question 31

Combivent

Answer 31

Contains ipratroprium (atrovent) and albuterol An anticholinergic and beta adrenergic agonist Used to treat chronic bronchitis; increases FEV1

Question 32

Short acting bronchodilators

Answer 32

Aka rescue inhalers Most frequently prescribed drugs for stopping an acute asthma attack Ex: albuterol (Proventil) Take before activity

Question 33

Long acting bronchodilator

Answer 33

Aka maintenance Not used to stop an asthma attack in progress ; takes up to 60 mins to work Ex: salmeterol (serevent)

Question 34

Leukotriene modifiers

Answer 34

Cause inflammatory changes in the lungs Helps to control the inflammatory process in asthma NOT USED for acute asthma attacks ; used for exercise induced asthma **monitor liver enzymes Ex: montelukast sodium (singulair)

Question 35

Oral glucocorticoids

Answer 35

Prescribed for patients with persistent asthma that is non-responsive to other treatment Disturb the stomach lining Not used for acute attacks *maintenance treatment

Question 36

What is the purpose of advair

Answer 36

To alleviate airway constriction and inflammation

Question 37

What are some adverse effects of oral glucocorticoid use

Answer 37

Adrenal gland suppression Peptic ulcer HYPERGLYCEMIA osteoporosis

Question 38

Mast cell inhibitors

Answer 38

Prevent the release of histamine from mast cells Used to prevent allergic responses and for asthma prophylaxis Must be taken daily Ex: cromolyn sodium (NasalCrom)

Question 39

What are some side effects of mast cell inhibitors

Answer 39

Cough and bad taste Don't stop abruptly may cause rebound asthma attack

Question 40

How should bronchodilators be administered when given with a mucolytic

Answer 40

Bronchodilator should be given 5 minutes before the mucolytic

Question 41

Mucolytics

Answer 41

Directly loosens thick, viscous bronchial secretions Ex: acetylcysteine (mucomyst)

Question 42

What are some side effects of mucolytics

Answer 42

Nausea, vomiting, mouth sores, stomatitis and runny nose

Question 43

Mucomyst is an antidote for what

Answer 43

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) overdose

Question 44

Nebulizer

Answer 44

Small machine that vaporizes a liquid drug into a fine mist that can be inhaled

Question 45

Systemic route

Answer 45

Oral or parenteral