Respiratory Drugs (Trachte) - W3 Flashcards
(35 cards)
Sympathetic receptors
- Nicotinic
- Alpha1
- Beta2
Parasympathetic receptors
- nicotinic
- muscarinic
How does the nicotinic receptor work? What binds? location?
- located on adrenal medulla
- causes activation of medulla by acting as pore for sodium –> releases epinephrine.
What is a nicotine agonist used for smoking cessation?
Varenicline (Chantix)
What stimulates the alpha1 receptor? How does it work? Where is it found?
- stimulated by epi=NE >> isoproterenol
- stimulates phospholipase C –> generates inositol triphosphate –> elevates caclium concentrations –> contraction of vascular smooth muscle
- NOT ON BRONCHIOLES
- majorly acts on vasculature (contraction)
What stimulates the beta2 receptor?
What does it do?
-
isoproterenol > epi >> NE
- NE not very effective
- works to RELAX SMOOTH MUSCLE of bronchioles
- activates adenyly cyclase –> glycogenolysis
- cholera toxin works through it (GS-alpha)
What are 2 nicotinic antagonists?
Trimethaphan & Hexamethonium
Stimulators of NE release from the sympathetic system:
Tyramine
Amphetamine
Ephedrine
Metaraminol
Inhibitors of NE release from sympathetic system
Reserpine
Guanethidine
Stimulators of sypmathetic on effect organ (NE effect)
- NE
- Epinephrine
- isoproterenol
- ephedrine
- phenylephrine
- metaraminol
Inhibitors of sympathetic effect on effector organ:
- Phentolamine
- Phenoxybenzamine
- propranalol
What do parasympathetic receptors tend to cause?
contract smooth muscle!! (except in vasculature)
Primary constrictor of the vasculature:
alpha1 receptor (how decongestants work)
primary dilator of bronchioles:
B2 receptor via sympathetics (epinephrine)
Primary bronchiole constrictor and cause secretion
parasympathetic muscarinic receptors
What is the most effective therapy for ACUTE BRONCHOSPASM?
list some.
- B2 agonists
- metaproterenol - inhaled
- terbutaline
- albuterol
- Pirbuterol
- isotharine
What are the long duration B2 agonists?
- Salmeterol - inhalation - more fat solube sto sticks around membrane and has longer duration of action.
- Formoterol
- Arformoterol
What are the major side effects of B2 agonists and what receptors do they act through?
- tachcardia - B1
- palpitations - B1
- tremor - B2
- headache
Epinephrine
mechanism
metabolism
contraindications
use
- relax bronchioles (parental for anaphylaxis, ocular or inhaled)
- metabolized by MAO and COMT
- contraindications: hyperthyroidism, hypertension, halogen-hydrocarbon anesthetics.
- Use:
- bronchospasm (B2) - not asthma
- hypersensitivity reactions
Why may you give corticosteroids with asthma?
they upregulate B2 receptors
Isoproterenol
use
administration
metabolism
- relax bronchioles via B2
- used w/respiratory disease.
- parental or aerosol
- metabolized by COMT
How does ephedrine work?
- releases NE and has direct effects
- constricts vessels –> reduces stuffiness and secretions
- increases BP
- relaxes bronchioles
What is ephedrine used for?
- bronchospasm
- allergy
- narcolepsy
- Stokes-Adams syndrome (in medications for colds)
what is pseudoephedrine
Sudafed - used similar to ephedrine (just a stereoisomer)
