Respiratory Emergencies

Question 1

What percentage of pediatric cardiac arrest originate in the respiratory system:

Answer 1

80-90%

Question 2

What are significant finds for the respiratory rate:

Answer 2

a. Above 60/min (for premature baby to 1 year old)
b. Less than 20/min for an infant
c. Less than 10/min for a child

Question 3

What is a high-pitched “crowing” sound caused by restriction of the upper airway (usually heard on inspiration)

Answer 3

Stridor

Question 4

What is a viral infection of the upper airway which causes edema/inflammation below the larynx and glottis with a narrowing of the lumen of the airway

Answer 4

Croup

Question 5

What age range does Croup most often occur

Answer 5

6 months to 4 years old

Question 6

What signs and symptoms present with Croup

Answer 6

a. Stridor
b. Barking cough
c. low-grade fever (100-101 * F)

Question 7

What is an acute infection and inflammation of the epiglottis that potentially is life-threatening

Answer 7

Epiglottitis

Question 8

What age does Epiglottitis usually occur:

Answer 8

4 years and older

Question 9

What signs and symptoms present with Epiglottitis

Answer 9

a. Stridor
b. Sore throat
c. pain swallowing causing drooling
d. High-grade fever (102-104*F)

Question 10

What position will a patient with Epiglottitis assume:

Answer 10

Tripod position

Question 11

What drug and dose can be given to a patient with Croup only:

Answer 11

3-5 mL of aerosolized Epi 1:1000 ( no dilution)

Question 12

Is Aerosolized Epinephrine contraindicated for epiglottitis

Answer 12

YES

Question 13

Wheezing from a child younger than 1 y/o is usually the result of:

Answer 13

Bronchiolitis

Question 14

What is a viral infection of the bronchioles that causes prominent expiratory wheezing

Answer 14

Bronchiolitis

Question 15

What is the dose for Albuterol

Answer 15

a. Patient less than 1 y/o or 10 kg: 1.25 mL / 1.5 mL
b. Patient greater than 1 y/o or 10 kg: 2.5 mL / 3 mL
Max dose: 3

Question 16

What is the dose for Atrovent

Answer 16

a. Patient less than 8 y/o: 0.25 mg/ 1.25 mL

b. Patient greater than 8 y/o: 0.5 mg/ 2.5 mL

Question 17

What is the second line drug for Asthma

Answer 17

Epi 1:1000 - 0.01 mg/kg IM (max. dose of 0.3 mg) Give ever 3-5 mins to max 3 doses

Question 18

What is the third line drug for Asthma

Answer 18

Magnesium Sulfate - 40 mg/kg IV (max. 2g) (mixed in 50 mL D5W over 30 mins)