Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Respiratory > Respiratory Examination > Flashcards

Respiratory Examination Flashcards

(83 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the main respiratory system presenting symptoms?

A
  • Cough
  • Haemoptysis
  • Dyspnoea
  • Hoarseness
  • Wheeze
  • Fever/night sweats
  • Chest pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What should you ask about in a resp system past medical history?

A
  • pneumonia/bronchitis
  • TB
  • Atopy - asthma, eczema, hay fever
  • previous CXR abnormalities
  • lung surgery
  • myopathy
  • neurological disorders
  • CT disorders - rheumatoid, SLE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a loud brassy cough characterisitic of?

A

pressure on the trachea (tumour)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a hollow, bovine cough characteristic of?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a barking cough characteristic of?

A

occur in croup (infection of the upper airway)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the main causes of chronic cough?

A
  • pertussis
  • TB
  • asthma
  • foreign body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the main causes of a dry chronic cough

A
  • acid irritation (GORD)
  • ACEi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is haemoptysis?

A

coughing up blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the main infective causes of haemoptysis?

A
  • TB
  • bronchitis
  • pneumonia
  • abscess
  • COPD
  • Viruses
  • fungi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the main categories that cause haemoptysis?

A
  • Infective
  • Neoplastic
  • Vascular
  • Parenchymal
  • Pulmonary hypertension
  • Coagulopathies
  • Trauma/foreign body
  • Pseudo-haemoptysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the vascular causes of haemoptysis?

A
  • PE
  • Vasculitis
  • AVM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the parenchymal causes of haemoptysis?

A
  • Fibrosis
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Goodpasture Syndrome
  • Cystic fibrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are thr acute causes of SOB?

A
  • foreign body
  • pneumothorax
  • PE
  • Pulmonary oedema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the subacte causes of SOB?

A
  • anaemia
  • parenchymal
  • effusion
  • psychogenic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the chronic causes of SOB?

A
  • COPD
  • Non-resp causes
    • heart failure
    • anaemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 8 main steps of the resp. exam?

A
  1. General inspection
  2. Hands - inspection, asterixis
  3. Arms - pulse, RR, BP
  4. Neck - trachea deviation, JVP, lymphadenopathy
  5. Face
  6. Front of chest - aoex beat, expansion, vocal fremitus, percussion, auscultation, vocal resonance
  7. Back of chest (REPEAT)
  8. For completion - sacral and ankle oedema, peripheral pulses, temp, SpO2, sputum, PEFR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What should be observed from the end of the bed in a resp exam?

A
  • General appearance
  • accessory myscle use and pursed lip breathong
  • Nutritional status/cachexia
  • Oxygen
  • Look inside sputum pot
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does pursed lip breathing suggest?

A

lower airway obsteuction (COPD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does a decreased nutritional status/cachexia suggest?

A

COPD/malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the main signd observed in the nails?

A
  • Finger clubbing
  • Koilonychia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does koilonchyia suggest

A

Iron def anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What can be observed in the face in a resp exam?

A

Cushingoid (moon face, plethora, acne, hirsute)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does cushingoid suggest?

A

long term steroid use (COPD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the main things that can be observed and examined in the hands?

A
  • peripheral cyanosis
  • feel temperature
  • dilated veins
  • tar-staining
  • 1st web-space wasting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What does peripheral cyanosis suggest?
* PVD * Rayaund's * CCF * with central cyanosis
26
What do dilated veins in the hands suggest?
hypercapnia - build up of CO2 in the blood stream
27
What are the two types of tremor looked for in the hands in a resp exam?
* Asterixis - flapping tremor * Fine tremor
28
What does flapping tremor suggest?
* CO2 retention * hepatic/renal failure
29
What does a fine tremor suggest?
B2 agonist overdose salubutamol inhalers
30
What does a bounding pulse suggest?
hypercapnia
31
What is observed in the eyes during a resp exam?
* Conjuntival pallor * Horner's syndrome
32
What does conjuntival pallor suggest?
anaemia
33
What does Horner's syndrome suggest
Pancoast's tumour tumour in the apex of the lung
34
What does 1st web space wasting in the hands suggest?
Pancoast tumour
35
What can be observed in the mouth in a respo exam?
* central cyanosis * candidia
36
What does central cyanosis indicate?
* hypoxic lung disease * cardiac shunt * abdnormal Hb
37
What are the likely causes of oral thrush?
* steroid inhalers * immunocompromised patient
38
What should be observed and examined in the neck of a patient in a respo exam?
* JVP * Position of the trachea * Lymph nodes
39
What do tender lymph nodes suggest?
infection
40
What do non-tender enlarged lymph nodes suggest?
malignancy
41
When is the cricosternal angle decreased?
in hyperinflation (COPD)
42
When is the JVP elevated?
* RHF * PE * SVC obstruction
43
What does the trachea deviate towards?
collapse
44
What does the trachea deviate away from?
tension/big effusion
45
What should be inspected on the chest in a resp exam?
* AP-diameter * scars * deformity of the spine/chest * intercostal indrawing
46
What does an increased A-P diameter suggest?
hyperinflation (COPD)
47
What is Hoover's sign and what does it suggest?
* hyperinflation (COPD)
48
What should be palpated on the chest in a resp exam?
* chest expansion - is there symmetry? * apex beat * RV heave
49
Why do you palpate the apex beat?
check for mediastinal shift
50
What does mediastinal shift suggest?
collapse, tension or effusion
51
What does a RV heave suggest?
RVH (cor pulomale)
52
What is the likely pathology if the chest is hyperresonant to percussion
pneumothorax
53
What is the likely pathology if the chest is dull to percussion?
* consolidation * collapse * pneumonectomy
54
What is the likely pathology if the chest is stony dull to percussion?
effusion
55
What are the two main types of breathing?
vesicular and bronchial
56
What does wheexze suggest?
small airway obstruction (asthma, COPD)
57
What do crepitations suggest?
fluid in airspaces secretions, pus and oedema
58
Describe the mediastinal shift, percussion note, breath sounds and vocal resonance in consolidation
* no mediastinal shift * dull percussion note * bronchial or decreased breath sounds * increased vocal resonance
59
Describe the mediastinal shift, percussion note, breath sounds and vocal resonance in collapse
* mediastinal shift towards the affected side * Dull percussion note * decreased or absent breath sounds * decreased/absent vocal resonance
60
Describe the mediastinal shift, percussion note, breath sounds and vocal resonance in effusion
* Mediastinal shift away from the affected side * stony dull percussion note * decreased or absent breath sounds * decreased/absent vocal resonance
61
Describe the mediastinal shift, percussion note, breath sounds and vocal resonance in pneumothorax
* mediastinal shift Away from the affected side * (hyper) resonant percussion note * decreased/absent breath sounds * decreased/absent vocal resonance
62
Describe the mediastinal shift, percussion note, breath sounds and vocal resonance in pneumoectomy
* Mediastinal shift towards the affected side * dull percusssion note * absent breath sounds * absent vocal resonance
63
What sign is looked for in the back?
sacral oedema
64
What sign is looked for in the ankles?
peripheral oedema
65
What does peripheral and/or sacral oedema suggest?
Right sided heart failure
66
What investigations should be offered after the respiratory exam?
* Peak flow * PFTs * Spirometry * CXR * ABGs
67
What are the main signs of bronchial breathing?
* loud and blowing * inspiration = expiration * audible gap between inspiration and expiration
68
What is the difference between transudate and exudate?
* Transudate = protein \<30g/L * Exudate = protein \>30g/L
69
Causes of a transudate pleural effusion
* LVF * volume overload * hypoalbuminaemia * Meig's syndrome
70
What is meig's syndrome?
triad of benign ovarian tumor with ascites and pleural effusion
71
What are the main causes of an exudate pleural effusion?
* Infection - pneumonia, TB * Infarction - PE * Inflammation - RA, SLE * Malignancy
72
What are the main signs of respiratory distress?
* Tachypnoea * Nasal flaring * trachael tug * use of accessory muscles * intercosral, subcostal and sternal recession * Pulsus paradoxus
73
What is tracheal tug?
pulling of the thyroid cartilage towards the sternal notch in inspiration
74
What are the causes of bronchial breathing?
* consolidation * localised fibrosis * present above pericardial/pleural effusion
75
What are the main causes of diminished breath sounds?
* pleural effusion * pleural thickening * pneumothorax * bronchial obstruction * asthma * COPD
76
What is the main cause of a silent chest
life threatneing asthma
77
What are the main causes of crepitiations and describe the type of crepitiation
* pulmonary oedema - fine and late in inspiration * brochestasis - coarse and mid inspiration * small airway disease - early inspiratory * alevolar disease - late/pan inspiratory
78
When can a pleural rub be heard?
* pneumonia * pulmonary infarction
79
What is kussmaul respiration?
deep, signing breaths in metabolic acidosis (DKA, renal impairment)
80
What causes neurogenic hyperventilation?
pontine lesions
81
82
83

Respiratory (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions