Respiratory Examination Flashcards
(27 cards)
3 Respiratory causes of clubbing?
- suppurative lung disease (TB, lung abscess, bronchiectasis)
- non-small cell cancer
- pulmonary fibrosis
what is NOT a respiratory cause of clubbing?
COPDbronchitis
physiologically, what encourages nail clubbing?
hypercapnoea
CXR, what do you need to determine which lobe consolidation is in?
lateral view
3 things on chest inspection
- movement
- ski changes
- chest shape
3 things you look for in neck for respiratory exam:
JVP
supraclavicular lymph nodes
trachea
what is normal chest expansion lateral in cm?
4cm<2cm = abormal
how do tactile fremitus?
say 99 with hands on chest
increased percussion note: 3 things:
- pneumothorax
- hyperinflation
- lung cyst
decreased percussion note: 5 things:
consolidation,
fibrosispleural fluid,
obesity
elevated hemidiaphragm
what does consolidation breath sounds like?
tracheal sounds
how does wheeze occur?
partial bronchial obstruction: airways
what is rhonchi?
wheeze
where is wheeze in asthma?
diffuse
where is wheeze in foreign body or tumour?
localised
where are crackles originate from?
terminal branches
2 mechanisms of crackles?
- bubbling of air through secretions
2. sudden opening of collapsed airways
5 causes of crepitations:
- pulmonary oedema
- pulmonary fibrosis
- pneumonia
- bronchiectasis
- atelectasis
crackles high or low pitched?
high pitched
pleural rub is high or low pitched?
low pitched
how to check if real crackles?
cough and reassess
how long is normal vs. abnormal forced expiratory time?
6 = pathology
signs of cor pulmonale?
rasied JVPperipheral oedema
what is V wave vs. cannon wave?
V-wave: tricuspid regurg during ventricular contraction
Cannon wave: heart block: atria contracts against closed tricuspid
