Respiratory Foundations 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Upper Respiratory System
A
Nasal Cavity -> Pharynx -> Larynx
2
Q
Lower Respiratory System
A
Trachea -> Primary Bronchi -> Smaller Bronchi -> Bronchioles -> Alveoli
3
Q
Respiratory System Function
A
- Gas exchange
- Homeostatic regulation of body pH (CO2)
- Conditioning Inspired Air
- Protection (filtering/clearing foreign particles)
- Vocalization
4
Q
pH affect Equation
A
H2O + CO2 = H2CO3 = H+ + HCO3-
H2CO3 = carbonic anhydrase (weak acid that dissociates)
- increased carbon dioxide leads to an increased internal acidity
5
Q
External Respiration Steps
A
- Atmosphere to lung
- Lung to blood
- Transport of gases in blood
- blood to cells (cellular respiration occurs here)
6
Q
Thoracic Cavity Pressure Gradient
A
expansion/contraction of the thoracic cavity creates a pressure gradient for air to move accordingly
7
Q
Ventilation Muscles at rest
A
- External Intercostals
- Diaphragm
8
Q
Forced Inspiration Muscles
A
- Sternocledio mastoids
- scalenes
9
Q
Forced Expiration Muscles
A
- Internal intercostals
- abdominal muscles
10
Q
Pleural Membranes
A
- fluid filled balloon that wraps around the lungs, sticks to the lungs and the thoracic cage
- made up of secretory epithelial cells
- Visceral = against the lung
- Parietal = against the thoracic cage
11
Q
Airways Role
A
- filter our foregin substances
- warm air to body temperature
- add water vapour
12
Q
Cartilage effect on airways
A
- trachia/bronchi have cartilage and are unable to change diameter
- bronchioles have no cartilage and are able to change diameter due to neural/hormonal/paracrine effects
13
Q
Site of Gas exchange
A
Alveoli
14
Q
ANS effect on bronchiole radius
A
SNS - bronchodilate
PSNS - bronchoconstrict
15
Q
Ciliated Epithelium of the respiratory tract
A
- cilia move the mucus layer towards the pharynx, removing pathogens
- Mucus layer traps particles
- watery saline allows cilia to push towards the pharynx
- Goblet cells secrete mucus
