Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology Block 7 > Respiratory Introduction, Struture And Lung Volumes > Flashcards

Respiratory Introduction, Struture And Lung Volumes Flashcards

1
Q

What does the respiratory system consist of

A

All area that air passes through from outside body and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the conducting zone consist of

A

Nose, sinus, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the job of the conducting zone

A

Condition the air before it reaches the lungs by warming, cleaning, and humidifying the air with cilia and mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the respiratory unit consist of

A

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Job of the respiratory unit

A

Where gas exchange occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the main conducting airway

A

Trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does the trachea course as it moves down to the lungs

A

Splits into progressively smaller passages that take air to the alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the trachea lined with

A

Mucus producing glands and cilia to further condition air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are bronchial smooth muscle cells innervated by

A

PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What receptors restrict the bronchioles

A

M3 receptors.

It is innervated by PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What dilates the bronchioles

A

B2 receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What nervous system constricts bronchioles

A

PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What nervous system dilates the bronchioles

A

CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Respiratory bronchioles to the alveolar sacs

A

Respiratory zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the site of gas exchange

A

Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Composition of alveoli

A

Thin walled, elastic sacs provide large surface area for diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What provides large surface area for diffusion

A

Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do the pulmonary capillaries surround

A

Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the alveoli lined with

A

Surfactant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is surfactant made by?

****

A

Type II epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Distance of gas exchange in the alveoli and pulmonary caps

A

Very short and blood moves very slow

-type I epithelial cell + BM + cap endothelium cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

As the respiratory structure move further and further inward how do they change

A

They become thinner, thinnest being at the alveoli so that gas exchange is easier there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

If the lung expands what happens

A

If it expands one place it compresses somewhere else

If alveoli expand, lung interstitum becoem smaller and caps get smaller (higher BP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Everything that is not the respiratory tree

A

Lung interstitium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Force exerted in one area of the lungs

A

Is conducted through the rest of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

If alveoli become larger, what happens to the interstitium

A

Becomes smaller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Elasticity of the lung interstitium

A

Very elastic

Will collapse without pressure holding it open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the lungs covered with

A

Double membrane called pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the different types of pleura and where are they

A
  • visceral pleura-against the lung
  • parietal pleural-against chest wall

These pleura are physically attached to their places

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the space between the different pleura

A

Intrapleural space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Why is interapleural space important

A

Filled with fluid and helps reduce friction

-keeps lungs unsalted by keeping them attached to the chest wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Pressure in the pleasurable space

A

Is ALWAYS negative compared to the atmospheric pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What happens if the pleural space is not negative compared to the atmospheric space

A

Lung will collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is changing lung volume dependent on

A

Muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Inspiration muscles

A

Diaphragm and external intercostal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Contraction of inspiration muscles, are they necessary for normal breathing?

A

Yes

37
Q

What kind of process is inhalation

A

Active

38
Q

What does inhalation do

A

Increases volume of chest

39
Q

Expiration muscles

A

Internal intercostal and abdominals

40
Q

What kind of process is normal exhalation

A

Passive

41
Q

What does exhalation do to volume in chest

A

Decreases

42
Q

Are contraction of expiration muscles necessary for normal breathing?

A

No. Only need them for forceful exhalation

43
Q

What are volumes and capacities measured by

A

Spirometry

44
Q

Single measurements of lungs

A

Volumes

45
Q

Multiple volumes of lungs

A

Capacities

46
Q

Air moved during normal, quiet breathing

A

Tidal volume

47
Q

What is a normal tidal volume

A

0.5L

48
Q

Maximum inhalation above tidal volume

A

Inspiration reserve volume (IRV)

49
Q

Normal IRV

A

2L

50
Q

Maximum exhalation below TV

A

Expiration reserve volume (ERV)

51
Q

What si a normal ERV

A

1L

52
Q

Volume left after full exhalation (cannot get out mroe no matter what you do.

A

Residual volume

53
Q

What volume is responsible for keeping the lungs inflated

A

Residual volume (RV)

54
Q

What is a normal RV (residual volume)

A

1.3L

55
Q

Volume that can be inhaled and exhaled

A

Vital capacity (VC)

Forced inhalation, forced exhalation

56
Q

Normal VC

A

3.5L

57
Q

Volume of a full inhalation after a quiet exhalation

A

Inspiratory capacity (IC)

58
Q

What is a normal IC

A

2.5L

59
Q

Volume in lung after quiet exhalation

A

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

60
Q

What is a normal FRC

A

2.3L

61
Q

Total lung volume

A

Total lung capacity (TLC)

62
Q

What is a normal TCL

A

4.8L

63
Q

How does deoxygenated blood leave the RV

A

Via pulmonary artery

64
Q

Where does blood get oxygenation

A

In the pulmonary capillary bed adjacent to alveoli

65
Q

Where does oxygenated blood return to the heart

A

Left atria

66
Q

How does oxygenated blood get to the left atria

A

Via pulmonary vein

67
Q

How much pressure in the pulmonary system compared to systemic circulation

A

Low

68
Q

What kind of control in pulmonary blood flow

A

Local

69
Q

What is the local control of the pulmonary blood flow based on

A

Oxygen content of alveoli

70
Q

Low oxygen

A

Hypoxia

71
Q

What does hypoxia do to blood vessels

A

Vasoconstriction

72
Q

Why is there vasoconstriction in times of low oxygen

A

Keeps blood from non ventilated alveoli, and keeps physiologic dead space low

73
Q

Other than local control how else is the pulmonary blood flow controlled

A

Innervated by SNS

Alpha1 (constricts arteries)

74
Q

Why don’t you want blood to come to areas that are low oxygen

A

Because there is no O2 to exchange, therefore no gas exchange would occur and you would take deoxygenated blood back to the heart when it should be oxygenated

75
Q

If total lung volume increased what would happen to the blood pressure in the pulmonary artery

A

Increase

-alveoli gets big, so caps get small, small caps mean increased BP

76
Q

Volume of inspired air that does not participate in gas exchange

A

Dead space

77
Q

What is anatomic dead space

A

Set volume based on conducting zone volume (150ml)

78
Q

What is physiological dead space

A

Ventilated alveoli that do not participate in gas exchange

79
Q

What is physiological dead space due to

A
  • anatomical dead space

- ventilated alveoli with no blood supply

80
Q

What kind of thing could increase physiological dead space

A

Embolism

81
Q

What is used to diagnose pulmonary diseases

A

Forced expiratory volumes

82
Q

What is FEV1

A

Forced expiratory volume in one second

83
Q

What is FVC

A

Forced vital capacity

-total volume that can be forcefully exhaled after a full inspiration

84
Q

What is the ratio of FEV1/FVC

A

Measures lung function

  • usually about 80%
  • you exhale about 80% of what you breathe in in one second
85
Q

What are some things about obstructive pulmonary diseases

A
  • something in the way
  • acute asthma
  • pulmonary fibrosis (black lung)
  • THIS CHANGES THE RATIO
  • FEV1 and FVC are usually lower, but ultimately you know its obstructive because the FEV1/FVC is a changed ratio (usually low)
86
Q

What are some things about restrictive pulmonary disease

A
  • change in lung interstitium
  • NO CHANGE IN RATIO
  • numbers are still low, but they just don’t change the ratio
87
Q 
A patient has deep vein thrombosis, after a long car ride he complains of dizziness and shortness of breath. The ER physicians think he has a small pulmonary embolism. If Dx is correct, which of the following values would be increased?
A. FEV1
B. Dead space 
C. FVC
D. TLC
A

B. Dead space

-blocked blood supply to alveoli, now ventilating alveoli that have no blood flow

88
Q

A patient has deep vein thrombosis, after a long car ride he complains of dizziness and shortness of breath. Th ER physicians think he has a small pulmonary embolism. If the Dx is correct, what effect would this have on RV afterload

A

increase

-harder to get blood out

89
Q

A patients family member begins struggling to breath after choking on a piece of vending machine food. Which of the following values would be decreased?
PIO2
PaO2
PICO2

A

PaO2

Physiology Block 7 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions