Respiratory Lecture 3

Question 1

Define hypoxia.

Answer 1

difficulty getting O2 into the blood

Question 2

Define anoxia.

Answer 2

no O2 in the blood

Question 3

Define hypoventilation (hypopnea).

Answer 3

lack of ventilation

Question 4

Define hyperventilation.

Answer 4

over abundance of ventilation

Question 5

Signs and symptoms of Croup.

Answer 5

• seal-bark cough
• low grade fever (100.2 - 100.4)
• gradual onset

Question 6

Define Croup.

Answer 6

inflammation of the larynx and trachea caused by a viral infection

Question 7

Define Epiglottitis.

Answer 7

inflammation and swelling of the Epiglottis caused by a viral infection, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Can cause swelling and block the flow of air into the lower airways

Question 8

Signs and symptoms of Epiglottitis.

Answer 8

• high grade fever
• copious drooling - from inability to swallow
• rapid onset

Question 9

Define Anaphylaxis.

Answer 9

an immune response that causes histamine release, vasodilation, and airway swelling

Question 10

Signs and symptoms of Anaphylaxis.

Answer 10

• urticaria (hives)
• angioedema (swelling)

Question 11

Treatment for Anaphylaxis.

Answer 11

Epipen:
* 0.3 mg for adults
* 0.15 mg for children
* repeat every 5 minutes if symptoms persist

Question 12

Define Pertussis.

Answer 12

whooping cough caused by a bacterial infection

Question 13

Signs and Symptoms of Pertussis.

Answer 13

whoop following cough

Question 14

Define Bronchiolitis/ Bronchitis.

Answer 14

inflammation in the bronchioles or bronchi caused by RSV infection

Question 15

Signs and symptoms of Bronchiolitis/ Bronchitis.

Answer 15

• wheezing
• low grade fever
• excessive mucus production

Question 16

Define Tuberculosis.

Answer 16

a viral infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 17

Signs and symptoms of tuberculosis.

Answer 17

• productive bloody sputum
• weight loss
• hemostasis, bleeding of the blood vessels

Question 18

Define Pneumonia.

Answer 18

an upper respiratory infection preceding into the alveoli

Question 19

Signs and symptoms of Pneumonia.

Answer 19

• green tinged sputum
• gradual onset of fever
• malaise, weakness

Question 20

Define Asthma.

Answer 20

an immune system response that causes a combination of smooth muscle spasms in the bronchioles, mucous acumination, and edema (fluids trapped in the body)

Question 21

Define Status Asthmaticus.

Answer 21

prolonged exacerbation which does not respond to therapy

Question 22

Signs and symptoms of Asthma.

Answer 22

• wheezing breathing out
• history of asthma
• respiratory distress

Question 23

Treatment for Asthma.

Answer 23

• metered dose inhaler
• albuterol - beta 2 specific
• Proventil
• Ventolin

Question 24

Define beta 2 specific.

Answer 24

chemical that binds to beta 2 specific receptors to induce dilation

Question 25

Steps to administer medication.

Answer 25

1. Right patient 2. Right drug 3. Right dosage 4. Right route 5. Right time 6. Right documentation

Question 26

Define Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

Answer 26

a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Question 27

Define Chronic Bronchitis.

Answer 27

chronic irritation of the trachea and bronchi

Question 28

Define Emphysema.

Answer 28

lost of elastic material in the alveoli due to chronically inflamed airways, causing holes and large air pockets

Question 28

Signs and symptoms of Chronic Bronchitis.

Answer 28

* mucus production * cilia are destroyed * black sputum * frequent cyanosis

Question 29

Signs and symptoms of Emphysema.

Answer 29

* crackles * pink skin tone

Question 30

Signs and symptoms of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

Answer 30

* pursed lipped breathing * barrel chest * clubbing of fingers

Question 31

Treatment for COPD.

Answer 31

* CPAP * Fowler's or Semi-Fowler's position

Question 32

Define Pulmonary Embolism.

Answer 32

* formation of blood clot, or deep vein thrombosis, that lodges the pulmonary artery, preventing blood from getting to the lungs caused by surgeries, long plane rides, childbirth, oral contraceptives, smoking, and Atrial Fibrillation

Question 33

Signs and symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism.

Answer 33

* sudden onset shortness of breath * pinpoint chest pain * clear lung sounds

Question 33

Define Spontaneous Pneumothorax.

Answer 33

accumulation of air in the pleural space commonly found in patients with emphysema or asthma

Question 34

Signs and symptoms of Spontaneous Pneumothorax.

Answer 34

* diminished air sounds * pleuritic chest pain - sharp pain, unilateral * stable vital signs

Question 35

Signs and symptoms of Tension Pneumothorax.

Answer 35

* diminished lung sounds * subcutaneous emphysema * jugular vein distension * tracheal deviation

Question 36

Define pulmonary effusion.

Answer 36

fluid build up in the pleural space

Question 37

Signs and symptoms of Pulmonary Effusion.

Answer 37

friction rub, or pleural rub

Question 38

Signs and symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis.

Answer 38

* mucus secretions are thicker * Chronic lung infections * malabsorption of food in the GI tract

Question 39

Define Cystic Fibrosis.

Answer 39

genetic disorder of salt balance in mucus

Question 40

Signs and symptoms of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning.

Answer 40

* flu like symptoms: headache, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea

Question 41

Treatment for Carbon Monoxide.

Answer 41

* oxygen * hypbaric chamber: increase in pressure to force hemoglobin out

Question 42

Define Hyperventilation Syndrome.

Answer 42

breathing too fast, reducing arteriol CO2 levels caused by too much acid in the body and DKA, Aspirin overdose

Question 43

Treatment for Hyperventilation Syndrome.

Answer 43

* oxygen * coaching * no diagnosis

Question 44

Define Congestive Heart Failure.

Answer 44

reduced cardiac function leading to pulmonary edema

Question 45

Signs and Symptoms of Congestive Heart Failure.

Answer 45

* swelling of feet and ankles * pink, frothy sputum * wet crackles

Question 46

Treatment for Congestive Heart Failure.

Answer 46

* upright/ Fowler's position * CPAP * ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, diuretics