Respiratory Medications

Question 1

What is magnesium’s class?

Answer 1

Electrolyte

Question 2

What is magnesium’s mechanism of action?

Answer 2

Reduces acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction

Blocks inward calcium current at SA node, increasing refractoriness

Decreases calcium into bronchial smooth muscle

Question 3

What are the indications for magnesium?

Answer 3

Severe bronchospasm, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, seizures of eclampsia

Question 4

What are the contraindications for magnesium?

Answer 4

Hypermagnesemia, high-grade AV block, renal disease, neuromuscular disease, digoxin therapy

Question 5

What is the adult dose of magnesium for severe bronchopasm?

Answer 5

2-4g IV/IO bolus over twenty minutes

Question 6

What is the pediatric dose of magnesium for severe bronchospasm?

Answer 6

25-75mg/kg to a max of 2g IV/IO over sixty minutes

Question 7

What are the side effects of magnesium?

Answer 7

Respiratory depression, hypotension, depressed reflexes, facial flushing

Question 8

How long is the onset of magnesium?

Answer 8

30-60 seconds

Question 9

How long is the duration of magnesium?

Answer 9

3-4 hours

Question 10

What is albuterol’s class?

Answer 10

Selective Beta 2-agonist

Question 11

What is albuterol’s mechanism of action?

Answer 11

Binds to Beta 2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, activates cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)

Promotes smooth muscle relaxation

Question 12

What are the indications for albuterol?

Answer 12

Bronchospasm

Question 13

Who should be monitored during albuterol administrtion?

Answer 13

Patients with a hx of cardiac disease, seizures, diabetes, or arrhythmias

Question 14

What is the adult dose of albuterol?

Answer 14

2.5mg in 3ml of saline

Question 15

What is the pediatric dose of albuterol?

Answer 15

1.25mg in 3ml of saline UNDER 2YRS

Question 16

What are the side effects of albuterol?

Answer 16

Dizziness, tremors, palpitations, hypERtension, tachycardia

Question 17

How long is the onset of albuterol?

Answer 17

5-15 minutes

Question 18

How long is the duration of albuterol?

Answer 18

1-4 hours

Question 19

What might interact with magnesium?

Answer 19

CNS depressants or cardiac glycosides

Question 20

What might interact with albuterol?

Answer 20

Beta blockers may antagonize effects

Question 21

What class is ipratropium?

Answer 21

Anticholinergic

Question 22

What is ipratropium’s mechanism of action?

Answer 22

Binds to and blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) sites in bronchial smooth muscle, decreasing contractility

Inhibits mucus secretion in bronchial tree

Question 23

What are the indications for ipratropium?

Answer 23

Bronchospasm, asthma exacerbation

Question 24

Who should be monitored during ipratropium administration?

Answer 24

Patients with glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, or known sensitivity to atropine

Question 25

What is the adult dose of ipratropium?

Answer 25

500 mcg in 2.5ml

Question 26

What is the pediatric dose of ipratropium?

Answer 26

250mcg in 1.25ml UNDER 2YRS

Question 27

What are the side effects of ipratropium?

Answer 27

Dizziness, headache, hypOtension, palpitations

Question 28

What drugs might interact with ipratropium?

Answer 28

Other anticholinergics might have synergistic effect

Question 29

How long is the onset for ipratropium?

Answer 29

5-15 minutes

Question 30

How long is the duration of ipratropium?

Answer 30

1-4 hours

Question 31

What is class is racemic epinephrine?

Answer 31

Sympathomimetic

Question 32

What are the indications for racemic epinephrine?

Answer 32

Croup

Question 33

What are the contraindications of racemic epinephrine?

Answer 33

Suspected epiglottitis

Question 34

Who should be monitored during administration of racemic epinephrine?

Answer 34

Patients with a cardiac hx

Question 35

What is the adult dose for racemic epinephrine?

Answer 35

11.25mg -16.75mg in 2mL NS

Question 36

What is the pediatric dose for racemic epinephrine?

Answer 36

5.6mg-16.75mg in 2mL NS

Question 37

What are the side effects of racemic epinephrine?

Answer 37

Tachycardia, tremors, retleness, rebound airway edema, or hypERtension

Question 38

What drugs might interact with racemic epinephrine?

Answer 38

Beta-adrenergic agonists may blunt bronchodilation Sympathomimetics and phosphodiesterase inhibitors may exacerbate dysrhytmias