Respiratory Medicine Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are 3 typical medications used for obstructive lung disease?
- Bronchodilators
- Corticosteroids
- Combination medicines
What are 4 types of bronchodilators?
- Short acting
- Long acting
- Anticholinergics
- Methylxanthines
How are obstructive medications typically delivered? (3 methods)
- Metered dose inhaler (MDI)
- Nebulizer
- Pill
What is the 3 step mechanism by which short acting beta-2 agonists (SABA) work?
- Beta stimulation of the airways promotes bronchodilation
- Relax and open airways quickly
- Increase the movement of cilia to help clear mucus
What are 5 side effects of SABA?
- Trembling
- Nervousness
- Fast heart rate
- Increased blood pressure
- Insomnia
Should a patient take a short or long acting beta agonist first?
SABA.
Which nervous system is stimulated by SABA?
Sympathetic
What is the 2 step process by which long acting beta-2 agonist function (LABA) ?
- Relax and open airways
- Increase movement of cilia
What is the difference between SABA and LABA?
- LABA last longer
What are 5 side effects of LABA?
- Trembling
- Nervousness
- Increased HR
- Increased BP
- Headache
What is the 2 step process by whilch anticholinergics work?
- Inhibits cholinergic stimulation promoting bronchodilation
- Relax and open airways
What are 7 side effects of anticholinergics?
- Nervousness
- Dizziness
- Drowsiness
- Headache
- Upset stomach
- Constipation
- Dry mouth
What are the 7 mechanisms by which methylxanthine work?
- Bronchodilation
- Decreased plasma exudate
- Increased cilia activity
- Decreased neutrophil function
- Decreased T-cell function
- Decreased macrophage function
- Increased respiratory muscle strength
What type of medication is an SDE-4?
- Bronchodilator
What are 3 mechanisms by which corticosteroids function on the respiratory system?
- Reduced inflammation and swelling of the airways
- Reduce mucus production
- Decrease sensitivity to irritants and allergens
What are 6 side effects of corticosteroids?
- Weight gain
- Nervousness
- Insomnia
- Osteoporosis
- HTN
- High blood sugars
What infection is common due to inhaled corticosteroids? How can this be prevented?
- Thrush
- Rinse mouth after use to prevent
Do inhaled corticosteroids or pill form corticosteroids have more side effects?
- Pill
Are corticosteroids fast acting?
No.
How should a patient stop taking corticosteroids?
- Slowly taper down dosage.
What are 2 types of combination medications?
- LABA and SABA
- Corticosteroids and SABA
What liquid is added to a nebulizer prior to use?
Saline and medication added
What is the method of delivery of medication in a nebulizer?
- Patient inhales as a mist
What tool can help a patient inhale more medication into their lungs?
- Spacers
