Respiratory & Metabolic Alkalosis/ Respiratory & Metabolic Acidosis

Question 1

An acid is a substance that does what with hydrogen ions?

Answer 1

releases

Question 2

A base is a substance that does what with hydrogen ions?

Answer 2

accepts

Question 3

Lactic acid, hydrochloric acid, carbonic acid are all examples of what?

Answer 3

an acid

Question 4

Bicarbonate is an example of what?

Answer 4

a base

Question 5

What is the pH below and above in order for it to be considered incompatible to human life?

Answer 5

below 6.8 or above 7.8

Question 6

How long does it take for lungs to compensate for acid-base imbalances?

Answer 6

within minutes

Question 7

How long does it take for kidneys to compensate for acid-base imbalances?

Answer 7

hours/days

Question 8

What do we see in our pH and CO2 in respiratory acidosis?

Answer 8

1. pH <7.35
2. CO2 >45

Question 9

What do the lungs do to compensate in respiratory acidosis?

Answer 9

increase the rate & depth of respirations therby blowing off more co2

Question 10

What type of respiratory symptoms do we see in respiratory acidosis?

Answer 10

rapid and shallow breaths- Tachypnea

Question 11

What do we see in our pH & CO2 in respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 11

1. pH >7.45
2. CO2 <35

Question 12

How do our lungs compensate in respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 12

decrease the rate & depth of respirations thereby blowing off less co2

Question 13

What respiratory symptom would we see in respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 13

rapid & deep breaths (tachypnea)

Question 14

Do we see hypoventilation or hyperventilation in respiratory acidosis?

Answer 14

hypoventilation (hypoxia)

Question 15

Do we see hypoventilation or hyperventilation in respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 15

hyperventilation (hypocarbia)

Question 16

For metabolic acidosis, what do we see in our pH and HCO3?

Answer 16

1. pH <7.35
2. HCO3 <22

Question 17

What respiratory symptom would we see in metabolic acidosis?

Answer 17

tachypnea (rapid & deep)

Question 18

What respiratory symptom would we see in metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 18

bradypnea (slow & shallow)

Question 19

What would we see in our pH and HCO3 in metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 19

1. pH >7.45
2. HCO3 >26

Question 20

When the pH is normal & PCO2 + HCO3 rise or fall together what does this mean?

Answer 20

compensation

Question 21

When the pH is abnormal & PCO2 + HCO3 rise or fall together what does this mean?

Answer 21

partially compensated

Question 22

When the pH is abnormal & PCO2 or HCO3 is normal what does this mean?

Answer 22

uncompensated

Question 23

What are 3 common sites placed for ABG sampling?

Answer 23

1. radial
2. brachial
3. femoral

Question 24

If frequent ABG tests will be required what will be done?

Answer 24

an arterial line will be placed

Question 25

What is an allens tests?

Answer 25

done to ensure patency of the radial & ulnar arteries

Question 26

For a patient with metabolic alkalosis, what would be 3 interventions done for the patient?

Answer 26

1. Administer IV fluids 2. Potassium & calcium replacement 3. Hemodialysis

Question 27

For a patient with metabolic acidosis, what would be 3 interventions done for the patient?

Answer 27

1. Administer IV fluids 2. Administer sodium bicarbonate 3. Hemodialysis

Question 28

Which intervention in metabolic acidosis is only done in severe cases?

Answer 28

only given IV in severe cases (can lead to metabolic alkalosis)

Question 29

What are 3 interventions that would be done for the patient with respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 29

1. reduce anxiety 2. oxygen therapy 3. rebreathing techniques

Question 30

What would be 4 interventions done for a patient with respiratory acidosis?

Answer 30

1. oxygen therapy 2. mechanical ventilation 3. respiratory treatment & meds 4. Administer narcotic antagonists

Question 31

What does the acronym FROST stand for for the causes of respiratory acidosis?

Answer 31

1. Foreign body aspiration 2. Respiratory conditions 3. Opiate overdose 4. Stroke 5. Trauma to the chest

Question 32

What 3 neuro symptoms would we see in chronic respiratory acidosis?

Answer 32

1. memory loss 2. personality changes 3. daytime sleepiness

Question 33

What does the aconym TAP stand for for the causes of respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 33

Temperaure increase Anxiety & panic attacks Pain