Respiratory Modalities, Problems, and Disorders

Question 1

What are the 3 main functions of the Respiratory System? (G.A.S.)

Answer 1

Gas Exchange
Acid base balance
Somatic Nervous System

Question 2

What is the Normal respiratory rate?

Answer 2

12 - 20 bpm

Question 3

Give the process of Gas exchange

Answer 3

1. Presence of CO2 (Lungs)
2. Brain activates to release CO2
3. Phrenic Nerve (Diaphragmatic Action)
4. Activate diaphragm
5. Exhalation
6. CO2 out (Gas exchange)
   7 Brain taps Phrenic Nerve
7. Inhalation (New O2)

Question 4

Air movement in and out of the lungs

Answer 4

Ventilation

Question 5

Oxygen in the bloodstream

Answer 5

Oxygenation

Question 6

Oxygen in the tissues

Answer 6

Perfusion

Question 7

What happens when the Alveoli is damaged?

Answer 7

• Atelectasis
• Pneumonia
• Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Question 8

Problems in the Larynx

Answer 8

• Stridor
• Hoarseness of Voice
• Laryngeal Cancer

Question 9

What to Watch out for in the trachea?

Answer 9

Tracheal Deviation

Question 10

What problem may occur in the bronchioles?

Answer 10

Bronchiolitis

Question 11

What is the purpose of T1 - LRT 1?

Answer 11

Structure

Question 12

What happens when the T1 - LRT 1/ structure is damaged?

Answer 12

Atelectasis

Question 13

What is the purpose of T2 - LRT 2?

Answer 13

Surfactant

Question 14

What happens when the T2 - LRT2/Surfactant is damaged?

Answer 14

Emphysema ( Barrel chest)

Question 15

What is the function of T3 - LRT 3?

Answer 15

Macrophages

Question 16

What is the function of T3 - LRT 3?

Answer 16

Macrophages

Question 17

What happens when the T3 - LRT 3/Macrophages have a problem?

Answer 17

Tuberculosis

Question 18

What are the 3 accessory muscles used when there is a Respiratory Distress when assessing?

Answer 18

1. Trapezius
2. Diaphragm
3. Sternocleidomastoid

Question 19

Difficulty of Breathing pathophysiology

Answer 19

1. ⬇️ O2
2. Anaerobic Metabolism
3. Lactic Acid
4. Nerve Damage
5. Generalized Pain

Question 20

Normal Breath Sounds (3)

Answer 20

1. Vesicular
2. Bronchial
3. Broncho-vesicular

Question 21

Vesicular

Answer 21

Low pitch sound

Question 22

Bronchial

Answer 22

High pitch sound

Question 23

Broncho-vesicular

Answer 23

Mid-high pitch

Question 24

Abnormal breath sounds

Answer 24

1. Stridor
2. Crackles
3. Wheezing

Question 25

S/S of problems in the Upper Respiratory track

Answer 25

Dry cough and Ichiness

Question 26

S/S of problems in the Lower Respiratory Track

Answer 26

Mucus and Expectoration

Question 27

Heard best in INHALATION

Answer 27

Stridor

Question 28

Heard best in EXHALATION

Answer 28

Wheezing

Question 29

V.I.B.E.R

Answer 29

Vesicular ⬇️ Inhalation ⬇️ Bronchial ⬇️ Exhalation ⬇️ Repeat Process

Question 30

Abnormals: Prolonged inhalation, steady, exhalation

Answer 30

BIOTS

Question 31

End of Life Breathing

Answer 31

BIOTS

Question 32

Normal breathing Apnea ⬇️ Brain Injury

Answer 32

Cheynes Stroke

Question 33

Deep rapid breathing ➡️ Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Answer 33

Kussmauls

Question 34

Respi. Modalities: 1 - 2 LPM

Answer 34

Nasal Cannula

Question 35

5 - 10 LPM

Answer 35

Face Mask

Question 36

Non rebreather mask LPM?

Answer 36

6 - 10 lpm

Question 37

10 Lpm

Answer 37

Venturi Mask

Question 38

Venturi mask (FACE)

Answer 38

Fitting Accurate COPD Everybody not

Question 39

What to WOF in managing CPAP

Answer 39

Oxygen toxicity

Question 40

Symptom of oxygen toxicity

Answer 40

Headache Blurring of Vision

Question 41

ABG rule

Answer 41

ROME Respiratory, Opposite Metabolic, Equal

Question 42

pH Normal values

Answer 42

7.35 - 7.45

Question 43

HCO3 & PCO2 normal values

Answer 43

HCO3 = 22-26 PCO2 = 35 - 45

Question 44

pH: Normal

Answer 44

Fully Compensated

Question 45

pH: Abnormal HCO3/PCO2: Normal

Answer 45

Uncompensated

Question 46

pH: abnormal HCO3/PCO2: abnormal

Answer 46

Partially compensated

Question 47

HCO3: Normal PCO2: Abnormal

Answer 47

Respiratory

Question 48

HCO3: Abnormal PCO2: Normal

Answer 48

Metabolic

Question 49

HCO3: ⬆️ ? HCO3: ⬇️ ? PCO2: Normal

Answer 49

⬆️ Metabolic Alkalosis ⬇️ Metabolic Acidosis

Question 50

HCO3: Normal PCO2: ⬆️ ? PCO2: ⬇️ ?

Answer 50

⬆️: Respiratory Acidosis ⬇️: Respiratory Alkalosis

Question 51

Respiratory Alkalosis (hyperventilation) ?

Answer 51

Inhalation ⬆️ O2 Exhalation ⬆️ CO2

Question 52

Respiratory Acidosis (hypoventilation)

Answer 52

⬇️ O2 ⬆️ CO2

Question 53

Disorders in respiratory acidosis

Answer 53

COPD Late stage asthma Koch disease (tuberculosis) COVID-19 ARDS (irreversible)

Question 54

Metabolic alkalosis removal of Acid

Answer 54

NGT Suctioning Vomiting

Question 55

Metabolic Alkalosis examples

Answer 55

Hyperemesis gravidarum Bulimia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa Pyloric Stenosis

Question 56

Excessive Vomiting ➡️ ❓➡️❓➡️ ❓ ⬇️ ⬆️Na ⬇️ K ⬇️ ❓

Answer 56

Excessive Vomiting will decrease the H2O in the body ➡️ the decrease in H20 will lead to dehydration ➡️ left untreated will lead to shock ✌🏼(hypo, tachy, tachy, narrowing of BV) The decrease in H2O will increase the Sodium hence the decrease in potassium ➡️ Hypokalemia

Question 57

Metabolic Acidosis disorders

Answer 57

Diarrhea Diabetic Ketoacidosis HHnK

Question 58

Metabolic Acidosis pathophysiology

Answer 58

Severe DHN ⬇️ Increased acidity Pain in blood Lactic acid ⬇️ ⬆️ Anaerobic Metabolism Hemolysis ————➡️ ⬇️O2 ⬇️ Hypoxia Metabolic Acidosis