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Respiratory Pediatrics Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What are some of the negative effects of prescribing antibiotics in children?

A 
Diarrhoea
Oral thrush
Nappy rash
Allergic reaction
Multi resistance
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2
Q

Rhinitis can be a prodrome to which other serious illness in children?

A

Pneumonia, bronchiolitis
Meningitis
Septicaemia

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3
Q

What would be visualized during otitis media ?

A

Red bulging ear drum

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4
Q

What type of infection is otitis media ?

A

Primary viral infection

Can be secondary to an infection (Pneumococcus)

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5
Q

What is often the outcome of otitis media ?

A

Spontaneous rupture of drum

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6
Q

Antibiotics help in otitis media, True or False ?

A

False, they do not help

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7
Q

How would you diagnose tonsillitis/pharyngitis ?

A

Throat swab

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8
Q

How would you treat tonsillitis/pharyngitis?

A

Nothing or 10 days penicillin - do not give amoxycillin

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9
Q

How would a child present if they had croup ?

A

Well, coryza, stridor, hoarse voice, “barking cough”

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10
Q

How would a child present if they had epiglottitis ?

A

Toxic with stridor and drooling.

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11
Q

How would you treat an infant with croup ?

A

Oral dexamethasone

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12
Q

How would you treat an infant with epiglottitis ?

A

Intubation and antibiotics

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13
Q

What are some of the common bacteria which cause LRTI in children ?

A

Strep pneumoniae,

Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae

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14
Q

What are some of the viral agents which cause LRTI in children?

A

RSV, parainfluenza III, influenza A and B, adenovirus, rhinovirus

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15
Q

How would a child present if they had Bronchitis?

A

Loose rattly cough.
Post-tussive vomit (vomiting after coughing).
The chest is often free of wheeze/creps.
Disturbed mucocilliary clearance.

The child is very well and the parent is often very worried.

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16
Q

What is the bacteria which causes Bronchitis ?

A

Haemophilus/Pneumococcus

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17
Q

What are the red flags in LRTI in children?

A 
Age <6 mo, >4yr
No relapse-remission
Static weight 
Disrupts child’s life
Associated SOB (when not coughing)
Acute admission
Other co-morbidities (neuro/gastro)
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18
Q

What is the difference between Bronchiolitis and Bronchitis ?

A

The difference between the two terms depends upon the anatomical area of the lungs that is infected.

Bronchiolitis is often viral (RSV).

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19
Q

How would a child present if they had bronchiolitis ?

A

Nasal stuffiness, tachypnoea and poor feeding.

Crackles and wheeze.

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20
Q

What is the management of brocnhiolotis ?

21
Q

Investigation recommended for LRTI such as bronchiolitis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Nursing in same ward.
Monitor oxygen saturation.

No need for routine bloods and cultures.

22
Q

What are the cardinal signs of LRTI in children ?

Study These Flashcards
A 
Lasts 48hrs
Fever
SOB
Cough
Grunting
Wheeze makes bacterial cause unlikely.
Reduced or bronchial breath sounds.
23
Q

When would you refer to a LRTI as pneumonia ?

Study These Flashcards
A

If the signs are focal (in one specific zone i.e. LLZ)
If there are creps.
If the child is pyrexic.

24
Q

What is the first line and second line treatment for those with community acquired pneumonia ?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. PO Amoxycillin
  2. PO Macrolide

Only IV if vomitting

25
How would a child present if they had pertussis ?
"coughing fits" | Vomitting and colour change.
26
What would you treat as a priority in a sick child prior to prescribing antibiotics ?
Oxygenation Hydration Nutrition
27
When would you treat a child with antibiotics for otitis media and what antibiotics would you prescribe?
If they are under 2 years and it is a bilateral OM Oral amoyxicillin
28
When would you prescribe antibiotics for tonsilitis?
If you have confirmed it is strep.
29
When would you prescribe antibiotics for a LRTI and what antibiotic would you prescribe ?
If theyve had 2 days of fever, cough and focal signs (i.e. one side) Oral Amoxycillin
30
What causes asthma ?
Primary epithelial abnormality which is feuled by asthma/eczema etc. Not caused by allergy
31
What are the common investigations used to diagnose asthma ?
Spirometry BDR FeNO (Exhaled Nitric Oxide) Peak flow No wheeze = No asthma
32
What other conditions would you expect in a pt with asthma ?
Hx: Eczema Hayfever Food allergies
33
What is the ideal pattern for diagnosis of asthma in a child ?
Wheeze (without URTI) SOB at rest Parental asthma Responds to treatment
34
When is an asthma diagnosis unlikely?
If <18 mths - infection
35
What is some differential diagnosis for asthma onset under 5 y/o ?
CF PCD Bronchitis Forgien body
36
What is some differential diagnosis for asthma onset > 5y/o?
Dysfunctional breathing Vocal cord dysfunction Habitual cough Pertussis
37
How do you measure control of asthma ?
SANE = Short acting Beta agonist/week. Absence school/nursery. Nocturnal symptoms /week. Exertional symptoms/week.
38
What are the 2 main classes of medication used to treat asthma?
``` Short acting Beta agonists ( B2 agonists - 2 days a week) Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) ```
39
What are the additional classes of medications which may be prescribed for asthma ?
Long acting beta agonists Leukotriene receptor antagonists. Theophyllines Oral steroids
40
What is the maximum dose of ICS you can prescribe to a child < 12 y/o ?
800mcg
41
What is the first line preventer in asthma <5s ?
LTRA (Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists)
42
We use LAMA in children in asthma true or false ?
False
43
What are the adverse side effects in children of ICS ?
Height suppression (0.5-1cm) Oral thrush Abdrenocortical suppression
44
What would you add on as a 3rd step preventer of asthma on children ?
LABA or LTRA | Increase ICS dose
45
What must you have prescribed alongside a LABA ?
ICS
46
What are the 2 main types of delivery systems in medication in child asthma ?
MDI/Spacer | Dry powder device
47
Under 8 y/o cannot use dry powder devices true or false ?
True
48
What are the other forms of management of childhood asthma ?
Stop tobacco smoke exposure. | Remove environmental trigger.

Paediatrics (17 decks)

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