respiratory-- physiology

Question 1

3 stages of respiration

Answer 1

pulmonary ventilation
external respiration
internal respiration

Question 2

pulmonary ventilation- the mechanism of breathing

Answer 2

process of moving air (inhalation) out of the lungs (exhalation)
gas travel from an area of high pressure to low pressure
muscles of breathing

Question 3

what is boyles law

Answer 3

pressure of a gas in a closed container is inversely proportional to the volume of the container

Question 4

whats average pressure gradient

Answer 4

atmospheric pressure: 760mmHg
intrapulmonary pressure: 760mmHg
intrapleural pressure: 756mmHg

gases will only travel into lungs with intrapulmonary pressure drops

Question 5

inspiration ……

Answer 5

intercostal muscles:
external intercostals contract pulling the ribs up and out
parietal pleura moves with the thoracic cavity, the visceral pleura follows pulling the lungs with it

diaphragm contracts:
increased volume of pleural cavity
reduced pressure
air moves down the pressure gradient
intrathoracic pressure < atmospheric air
air enters lungs

Question 6

high compliance ……..

Answer 6

lungs and thoracic cage are easily expanded

Question 7

low compliance ……

Answer 7

lungs and thoracic cage arent easily expanded

Question 8

whats laplaces law

Answer 8

the larger the vessels radius, the larger the wall tension required to withstand a given internal fluid pressure

Question 9

pulmonary ventilation- mechanism of breathing

Answer 9

process of moving air into lungs (inhalation) and out of the lungs (exhalation)
gases travel from an area of high pressure to low pressure
diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Question 10

tidal volume

Answer 10

500ml at rest
the amount of air passing into and out of the lungs during each cycle of breathing

Question 11

residual volume

Answer 11

1200ml
cant be measured. volume remained in lungs following forced expiration

Question 12

expiratory reserve volume

Answer 12

1000-1200ml
largest volume of air that can be expelled during maximal expiration

Question 13

inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 13

3300ml
this is the extra volume of air that cant be inhaled into lungs during maximal inhalation

Question 14

inspiratory capacity

Answer 14

amount of air that can be inspired with maximal effort (TV+IRV)

Question 15

vital capacity

Answer 15

maximal amount of air that can be moved into and put of the respiratory system in a single breath

add all capacity = vc 4800ml

Question 16

external respiration …..

Answer 16

exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood in alveolar capillaries across the respiratory membrane

Question 17

internal respiration ….

Answer 17

exchange of gases between blood in capillaries and the blood cells

Question 18

gas exchange

Answer 18

gas moves from areas of high pressure to low
same for mixed gases
pressure that each gas exerts to make up the pressure of air is known as gas’s partial pressure
daltons law

Question 19

diffusion and henrys law

Answer 19

diffusion= movement of a chemical substance from an area of high concentration to low concentration

henrys law= the amount of dissolve gas is proportional to its partial pressure in the gas phase