Respiratory Physiology

Question 1

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide

Question 2

What are the primary organs of the respiratory system?

Answer 2

Lungs

Question 3

What is the site of gaseous exchange in the respiratory system?

Answer 3

Lungs

Question 4

Why is it important for the respiratory system to interact with the cardiovascular system?

Answer 4

To facilitate the exchange of gases

Question 5

What are the two structural divisions of the respiratory system?

Answer 5

Upper Respiratory Tract and Lower Respiratory Tract

Question 6

List the components of the Upper Respiratory Tract.

Answer 6

• Nasal cavity
• Pharynx
• Larynx

Question 7

List the components of the Lower Respiratory Tract.

Answer 7

• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Bronchioles
• Alveoli

Question 8

What are the two functional parts of the respiratory system?

Answer 8

Conducting Zone and Respiratory Zone

The Conducting Zone includes the structures involved in air passage, while the Respiratory Zone is involved in gas exchange.

Question 9

List the components of the Conducting Zone.

Answer 9

• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Tertiary bronchioles
• Bronchiole

The Conducting Zone is responsible for transporting air to the lungs.

Question 10

What structures are included in the Upper Respiratory Tract?

Answer 10

• Nose
• Pharynx
• Larynx

The Upper Respiratory Tract is involved in filtering, warming, and humidifying the air.

Question 11

What is the primary function of the Respiratory Zone?

Answer 11

Gas exchange

The Respiratory Zone includes structures where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.

Question 12

List the components of the Respiratory Zone.

Answer 12

• Respiratory bronchioles
• Alveolar ducts
• Alveolar sacs
• Alveoli

The Respiratory Zone facilitates the exchange of gases with the blood.

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a dome-shaped muscle that plays a crucial role in breathing.

Answer 13

Diaphragm

The diaphragm contracts and relaxes to help draw air into and expel air from the lungs.

Question 14

What is the role of the Pleura in the respiratory system?

Answer 14

To provide a lubricated surface for the lungs to expand and contract

The pleura is a double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs.

Question 15

True or False: The Bronchiole is part of the Conducting Zone.

Answer 15

True

Bronchioles are the smallest air passages in the Conducting Zone.

Question 16

What is the function of the Frontal sinus?

Answer 16

To produce mucus and lighten the skull

The Frontal sinus is one of the paranasal sinuses that contribute to respiratory function.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for the passage of air from the throat to the trachea.

Answer 17

Larynx

The larynx also contains the vocal cords and is involved in sound production.

Question 18

What is the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

Answer 18

System of interconnecting cavities and tubes that conduct air into the lungs

Question 19

What is the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?

Answer 19

System where the exchange of respiratory gases occurs

Question 20

What lines the interior area of the nasal cavity?

Answer 20

A sticky mucous membrane

The mucous membrane helps trap particles and humidifies the air.

Question 21

What divides the nasal cavity medially?

Answer 21

The nasal septum

The nasal septum separates the two nostrils.

Question 22

What are nasal conchae?

Answer 22

Structures that divide the cavity into passageways

They help increase the surface area for warming and filtering air.

Question 23

How do nasal conchae contribute to respiratory function?

Answer 23

They increase surface area to warm and filter incoming air

This enhances the efficiency of the respiratory system.

Question 24

What happens to particles trapped in the mucus of the nasal cavity?

Answer 24

They are carried to the pharynx by ciliary action

This mechanism helps clear debris and pathogens from the airways.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: Particles trapped in mucus are swallowed and carried to the stomach where ______ destroys any micro-organisms.

Answer 25

gastric juice ## Footnote Gastric juice contains strong acids that can kill most microorganisms.

Question 26

What are the two main air passages into the lungs called?

Answer 26

Bronchi ## Footnote The bronchi are crucial for airflow into the lungs.

Question 27

What are the primary bronchi that branch from the trachea?

Answer 27

Right and left primary bronchi ## Footnote These are the initial divisions of the bronchial tree.

Question 28

What do the primary bronchi further subdivide into?

Answer 28

Bronchioles ## Footnote The bronchioles are smaller branches that lead to alveolar ducts.

Question 29

What structures do bronchioles give rise to?

Answer 29

Alveolar ducts ## Footnote Alveolar ducts lead to the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.

Question 30

Where do alveolar ducts terminate?

Answer 30

Alveoli ## Footnote Alveoli are the tiny air sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange happens.

Question 31

What are the alveoli?

Answer 31

The site where gas exchange takes place

Question 32

How many alveoli are there in the lungs?

Answer 32

Around 300 million

Question 33

What is the shape of the alveoli?

Answer 33

Cup-shaped pouching

Question 34

What lines the alveoli?

Answer 34

Epithelium

Question 35

What supports the alveoli?

Answer 35

A thin elastic basement membrane

Question 36

What are alveolar sacs?

Answer 36

2 or more alveoli that share a common opening

Question 37

What is the function of the moist lining in the alveoli?

Answer 37

To reduce friction

Question 38

What surrounds the alveoli?

Answer 38

A dense network of capillaries

Question 39

How many lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 39

Three lobes

Question 40

How many lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 40

Two lobes

Question 41

What is each lobe of the lung composed of?

Answer 41

Lobules

Question 42

Name four components contained within each lobule of the lung.

Answer 42

* Air passages * Alveoli * Nerves * Blood vessels * Lymphatic vessels * Connective tissues

Question 43

True or False: The left lung has three lobes.

Answer 43

False

Question 44

Fill in the blank: The right lung has ______ lobes.

Answer 44

three

Question 45

Fill in the blank: The left lung has ______ lobes.

Answer 45

two

Question 46

What is the pleural cavity?

Answer 46

A layer of serous membrane between the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura.

Question 47

What does the pleural cavity contain?

Answer 47

A lubricating fluid secreted by the membranes.

Question 48

What is the function of the lubricating fluid in the pleural cavity?

Answer 48

Prevents friction between the membranes and allows their easy movement during breathing.

Question 49

True or False: The pleural cavity is located between the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

What are the accessory inspiratory muscles?

Answer 50

Sternocleidomastoid muscle, Scalene muscles, Pectoralis minor muscle, Serratus anterior muscle ## Footnote These muscles assist in the inhalation process by expanding the thoracic cavity.

Question 51

What is the primary inspiratory muscle?

Answer 51

Diaphragm ## Footnote The diaphragm is the main muscle responsible for breathing, contracting to draw air into the lungs.

Question 52

Which muscles are considered primary inspiratory muscles?

Answer 52

Diaphragm, External intercostal muscles ## Footnote These muscles play a crucial role in the process of inhalation.

Question 53

What are the accessory expiratory muscles?

Answer 53

Internal intercostal muscles, External abdominal obliques, Internal oblique muscle ## Footnote These muscles assist in forced expiration by decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity.

Question 54

Fill in the blank: The primary inspiratory muscle is the _______.

Answer 54

Diaphragm

Question 55

True or False: The external intercostal muscles are accessory inspiratory muscles.

Answer 55

False ## Footnote The external intercostal muscles are primary inspiratory muscles.

Question 56

What is diffusion?

Answer 56

The movement from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration ## Footnote Diffusion is a fundamental concept in various scientific fields, including biology and chemistry.

Question 57

What does Boyle's Law state?

Answer 57

The pressure of a given gas is inversely proportional to its volume at constant temperature ## Footnote Boyle's Law is a key principle in gas physics, important for understanding how gases behave under different conditions.