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Flashcards in respiratory small deck Deck (10)
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1
Q

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells( beat mucus up and out of lungs) extend to beginning of terminal bronchioles, then transition to cuboidal cells

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells

2
Q

Mostly cuboidal cells in respiratory bronchioles then simple squamous cells up to alveoli

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3
Q

Type 1 cells are squamous and line the alveoli

type II cells are cuboidal and clustered and secrete pulmonary surfractant

clara cells are non ciliated, low columnar/cuboidal with secretory granules, they degrade toxins and act as reserve cells

dust cells are macrophages

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4
Q

Adenocarcinoma

  • peripheral
  • most common lung cancer in nonsmokers and overall (except for metastases)
  • activating mutations inclue kras, EGFR, ALK
    assoc. clubbing

Bronchioalveolar subtype (carcinoma in situ): CXR often shows hazy infiltrates similar to pneumonia; excellent prognosis

The bronchioalveolay subtype grows along alveolar septa–> apparent thickening of alveolar walls

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5
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

  • central
  • hilar mass arising from bronchus; cavitation; cigaretres, hypercalcemia (PTHrP)
  • keratin pearls and intercellular bridges
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6
Q

Small cell (oat cell) carcinoma

  • central
  • undifferentiated–> very aggressive
  • may produce ACTH, ADH or antibodies against presynaptic Ca channels (Lambert-eaton myasthenic syndrome)
  • amplification of myc genes
  • inoperable, treat with chem
  • neoplasm of neuroendocrine
  • kulchitsky cells –> small dark blue cells
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7
Q

Large cell carcinoma

  • peripheral
  • highly anaplastic undifferentiated tumor
  • poor prognosis
  • less responsive to chemotherapy; removed surgically
A

-pleomorphic giant cells

8
Q

Bronchial carcidnoid tumor

  • excellent prognosis-metastasis rare
  • symptoms usually due to mass effect; occasionally carcinoid syndrome (5-HT secretion –> flushing, diarrhea, wheezine)
  • nests of neuroendocrine cells, chromogranin A +
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9
Q

Pancoast tumor

-carcinoma that occurs in apex of lung may affect cervical sympathetic plexus, causing horner syndrom, SVS syndrome, sensorimotor deficits and hoarseness

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10
Q
A