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ANAT 1OO MOUDLE 9 > respiratory system > Flashcards

respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

breathing involves the 2 cyclic phases of ?

A

inspiration ( drawing oxygen into the lungs

expiration ( forcing oxygen poor air out of the lungs)

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2
Q

what are the 5 functions of the respiratory system

A 
gas exchange 
gas conditioning
sound production 
olfaction 
defense
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3
Q

what is gas exchange ?

A

movement of gases across membrane s
external respiration is the exchange of gases between the air and blood , internal respiration exchanges gases between blood and cells of the body

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4
Q

what is gas conditioning

A

occurs in th nasal cavities and the paranasal sinuses , in which the air becomes warmed and humidified as well as cleansed

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5
Q

sound production

A

produced by forceful expiration of air through the vocal cords in the larynx causing vibration

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6
Q

olfaction and respiration ?

A

involved in sensory signalling , olfactory epithelium covers the top of the nasal cavity. Airbonre molecules dissolve into the mucous

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7
Q

How does defence take place in the respiratory system

A

the hairs in the nostrils, the ciliated cells of the respiratory epithelium and he mucus lining all act to trap dangerous particles

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8
Q

pseudo stratified epithelium

A

found in the respiratory tact , all cells are attached t the basal lamina and surface is covered with cilia

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9
Q

cilia

A

provide increased surface are for conditioning air and trap inhaled particles.

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10
Q

goblet cells

A

interspersed throughout the epithelium, produce mucous and form a protective layer to trap organisms and provide moisture to air before it goes to lungs

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11
Q

conducting portion of respiratory system includes:

A

1) nose and nasal cavity
2) Paranasal sinuses
3) Pharynx
4) Larynx
5) Trachea
6) Primary secondary and tertiary bronchi
7) Terminal bronchioles

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12
Q

what does the conducting portion of the respiratory system do ?

A

transfers inhaled air from the outside to the lung tissue, where humidification happens and debris catching

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13
Q

what is the respiratory portion ?

A

transfers gases between the lungs and the pulmonary capillaries

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14
Q

the structures of the respiratory portion include :

A

1) respiratory bronchioles
2) Alveolar ducts
3) alveolar sacs
4) Alveoli

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15
Q

Role of the Pulmonary capillaries ?

A

the terminal structures in the lungs that have walls that are thin enough to facilitate the movement of gases

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16
Q

The paranasal sinuses

A

collection of air filled spaces within the bones of the skull that communicate with the nasal cavity

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17
Q

role of the paranasal sinuses ?

A

aid in conditioning the air ( warming and humidifying ), defence against pathogens are lined with respiratory tract epithelium

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18
Q

paired sinuses

A

frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid

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19
Q

Nose and nasal cavity

A

first line of defence against invading pathogens and debris air enters through the nostrils and then into the nasal cavity

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20
Q

Nasal cavity boundaries consists of

A

1) roof
2) floor
3) medial wall
4) lateral wall
5) anterior
6) posterior

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21
Q

roof

A

ethmoid bone in the skull

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22
Q

floor

A

hard palate (roof of mouth)

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23
Q

medial wall

A

makes up the nasal septum, separates the 2 halves of the nasal cavity

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24
Q

Lateral walls

A

contain the nasal conchae which create turbulence in the air as it passes through the cavity allowing for conditioning and catching debris

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25
Q

anterior border

A

made by the nares ( nostrils) opening between the nose and the nasal cavity

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26
Q

olfactory epithelium can be found in ?

A

the roof of the nasal cavity

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27
Q

olfactory epithelium is composed of ?

A

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium and bipolar olfactory receptor neurons

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28
Q

The Pharynx is made up of

A

the nasopharynx, the oropharynx and the larygopharnyx

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29
Q

what is the pharynx

A

a muscular tube that connects the nasal cavity and the larynx in the respiratory system and connects the oral cavity with the esophagus in digestive system

30
Q

nasopharynx is composed of ?

A

respiratory tract epithelium

31
Q

laryngopharynx and oropharynx is composed of ?

A

stratified squamous epithelium ( needed to swallow food)

32
Q

What is the larynx ?

A

produces sound, sits anterior to the esophagus , connecting the pharynx with the trachea and preventing food from entering the trachea.

33
Q

the 3 cartilages of the larynx are

A

epiglottis , thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage

34
Q

epiglottis

A

functions to prevent food from passing into the trachea a

35
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

shield shaped hyaline cartilage that provides attachment for many muscles and vocal cords

36
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

complete ring of hyaline cartilage , functions as an attachment for muscles and vocal chords

37
Q

vocal cords

A

attached to the laryngeal cartilages that vibrate when air is forced out of the lungs

38
Q

The trachea

A

extends to the t4 to t5 and splits at junction called the carina. job is to conduct air to the lungs

39
Q

structure of trachea ?

A

made up of 15 to 20 c shaped rings, that are incomplete posteriorly , rings keep airway open

40
Q

what are the 3 layers of the trachea ?

A

the mucosa, submucosa and the adventitia

41
Q

mucosa

A

lined with respirator tact epithelium

42
Q

submucosa

A

lies between the mucosa and the adventitia which is made up of loose areolar connective tissues

43
Q

adventitia

A

the outer layer of the connective tissue surrounding the trachea and closes the c shaped rings

44
Q

Cartilage rings of the trachea are made of ?

A

hyaline cartilage

45
Q

Primary Bronchi

A

composed of the left and right bronchi

46
Q

Hilus

A

Each primary bronchus enters its respective lung on the medial side

47
Q

how does the right primary bronchus differ from the left

A

its wider, shorter and more vertical than the

48
Q

as you move down the tree,

A

primary bronchi, secondary bronchi , tertiary bronchi , terminal bronchioles

49
Q

conduction portion of the lungs serves for what ?

A

purpose is to move air in and out of the lungs

50
Q

what does the respiratory portion do?

A

serves to allow for gas exchange between air and blood . cells absorb oxygen and expel co2

51
Q

The respiratory portion makes up

A

the majority of the lung tissue within both lungs

52
Q

The right lung has how many lobes ?

A

3 lobes; the superior, the middle and the inferior lobes

53
Q

how many fissures does the right lung have ?

A

It has 2 fissures that separate the lobes, the horizontal and the oblique fissures

54
Q

how many lobes does the left lung have ?

A

2 lobes , the superior and the inferior

55
Q

what does the superior lobe contain ?

A

The cardiac notch

56
Q

what is the cardiac notch ?

A

a depression on the anterior border of the left lung

57
Q

What is the lingula

A

small outward facing process that covers the heart

58
Q

The left lung has how many fissures ?

A

one tissue, the oblique

59
Q

the apex

A

most superior point of the organ , sits just above the first rib

60
Q

diaphragmatic surface

A

base of the lung and rest on the diaphragm

61
Q

costal surface

A

curves around the lateral aspect of the lung

62
Q

Mediastinal surface

A

the medial surface and contains the entry and exit points for all vessels and airways at the hilus

63
Q

The pleura

A

2 continuous membranes that form a sac around each lung and act as protection for the lung

64
Q

pleural fluid

A

acts as a lubricant allowing the visceral pleura of the lung to slide freely on the parietal pleura of the thoracic wall during inflation and deflation

65
Q

Parietal pleura

A

outer serous membrane attached to the walls and floor of thoracic cavity around the lungs

66
Q

Visceral pleura

A

`a serous membrane attached to the surface of the lung that is continuous with the parietal pleura

67
Q

the respiratory portion is made up of:

A

the respiratory bronchioles and the alveoli

68
Q

respiratory bronchioles

A

branches from the terminal bronchioles and are the first portion that contribute to gas exchange

69
Q

respiratory bronchioles are made up of :

A

thin walled ducts with simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium

70
Q

The alveolus

A

functional unit of the lung where the gas exchange takes place. Each is surrounded by capillaries to maximize the amount of oxygen going into the body

ANAT 1OO MOUDLE 9 (5 decks)

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