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A&P 2 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Cellular Respiration is how

A

cells breakdown glucose to make ATP

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2
Q

How do cells die? If cells die, do we stay alive?

A

Cells loose energy, resulting death. Cerebral cortex cells typicall die first

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3
Q

Comes from lungs, diffuses into blood

A

Oxygen

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4
Q

Diffuses from blood and comes out of lungs

A

Carbon Dioxide

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5
Q

Amount of gas produced by intestines daily

A

500 mL

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6
Q

Principal respiratory organs include

A

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs

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7
Q

Respiratory system is a system of tubes that

A

send air to air lungs

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8
Q

Respiratory functions include

A

gas exchange, communication, olfaction, acid base balance, BP regulation, Blood and lymph flow, blood filtration, expulsion of abdominal contacts

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9
Q

Alveoli are specialized micro air sacs

A

where gas exchange occurs in lung

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10
Q

conducting division of respiratory system is

A

only for airflow

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11
Q

No gas exchange takes place in

A

conducting division

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12
Q

Conducting division starts at

A

nostrils through major bronchioles

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13
Q

Respiratory division has

A

alveoli and other gas exchange regions

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14
Q

Upper respiratory tract includes

A

head & neck, from nose through larynx

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15
Q

Lower respiratory tract

A

organs of thorax; trachea to lungs

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16
Q

Primary bronchi are

A

R and L Main Bronhci.

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17
Q

Objects tend to get lodged in aspiration in

A

R Bronchi, as its a straight shot from trachea

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18
Q

Bronchial tree consists of

A

primary bronchi, lobular (secondary) bronchi, segmental (tertiary) bronchi

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19
Q

Bronchopulmonary Segment

A

Portion of lung supplied by specific segmental bronchus and artery

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20
Q

Bronchi are lined with what type of cell?

A

Cililated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

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21
Q

pulmonary lobule

A

portion of lung ventilated by 1 bronchiole

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22
Q

small tubule that branch from bronchi into lungs

A

bronchioles

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23
Q

terminal bronchioles are

A

the end of conducting division

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24
Q

beginning of respiratory division

A

respiratory bronchioles

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25
in alveolar exchange
there is gas exchange between inhaled air and blood
26
How many alveoli is in each lung?
150 million providing 70m of surface for gas exchange
27
what allows for rapid gas diffusion between alveolus and blood stream?
Sqaumous Type 1 alveolar cells
28
What secretes pulmonary surfactant
great type 2 alveolar cells
29
alveolar wall composed of
type 1 alveolar cells
30
alveolar wall layers
basement membrane, capillary endothelial cell ; both fused together
31
Where does gas exchange take place?
in lungs (via alveoli)
32
Alveolar macrophages (dust cells)
keep alveoli free from debri
33
Why do lungs have more lymphatic drainage than any other organ in body?
So our lungs dont drown in our own fluids, also to allow easy exchange for gas
34
when alveolar walls get thicker and filled with fluid, this is . What respiratory tract does it effect?
pneumonia; lower respiratory tract
35
thinner alveolar walls, damaged alveoli, causes shortness of breath, COPD usually develops into
enphysema
36
Functions of pleurae include
relieves friction, creates pressure gradient, prevents spread of infection
37
serous membrane that covers lung
visceral pleurae
38
layer against chest wall
parietal pleurae
39
repetitive normal cycle of inhale + exhale
pulmonary breathing
40
one complete inhale and exhale
respiratory cycle
41
main muscle mover of respiration; increase volume of thorax
diaphragm
42
flow of air in and out of lungs depends on
pressure difference between air within lung and outside of the body
43
At rest, what breathing is automatic?
Eupnea/ quiet breathing
44
Inspiration and Expiration are synonymous for
Inhale and Exhale
45
the act of bearing down/ forceful exhalation in a closed airway
Valsava maneuver
46
Increases vol of thorax/ opens up chest; muscle of neck/ scalene make it work
Forced inspiartion
47
passive process achieved by elasticity of lungs & thoracic cage
normal quiet expiration
48
muscle of abdomen contract to pull abdominal organs upward against diaphragm
forced expiration
49
Does respiration require autorhythmic pacemakers like the heart?
No, we use muscles for respiration
50
Autonomic, unconscious breathing. controlled by 3 respiratory centers in medulla
VRG, DRG, PRG
51
primary generator of respiration; fires every 5 seconds
Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG)
52
modifies rate and depth of breathing
Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG)
53
Modifies rhythm of VRG
Pontine Respiratory Group (PRG)
54
Brain responds to changes in pH of cerebrospinal fluid
central chemoreceptors
55
pH is regulated by
Carbon Dioxide levels
56
Voluntary control of breathing originates
in frontal lobe of cerebrum
57
respond to O2 and CO2 content and the pH of blood
Peripheral Chemoreceptors
58
Is breathing autonomic?
No. Breathing is involuntary and autoMATIC
59
What limits voluntary control of breathing by raising CO2 levels where automatic breathing overrides one's will?
Breaking Point
60
What drives respiration?
Atmospheric pressure
61
1 atmosphere is equivalent to
760 mmHG
62
Air flow proportional to
change in Pressure (deltaP)
63
Airflow inversely proportional
to Resistance
64
Boyle's Law states, pressure of gas/liquid
inversely proportional to its volume. P inverse 1/V
65
Charles law says, as gas gets hotter
its volume increases
66
slightly negative pressure between 2 pleural layers
interpleural pressure
67
What keeps lungs open and from collapsing?
Interpleural Pressure
68
Two pleural layers cling together
due to cohesion of water
69
Why is water slightly sticky?
Due to hydrogen bonds
70
loss of negative intrapleural pressure allows
lungs to recoil & collapse

A&P 2 (8 decks)

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