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Respiratory system Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

A

Provide O2 to the body’s cells and eliminate CO2 that the cells produce

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2
Q

What are the secondary functions of the respiratory system?

A
  1. Maintain normal acid-base balance
  2. regulation of the body temperature
  3. metabolic & endocrine functions
  4. defend against inhaled foreign matter
  5. blood reservoir
  6. Phonation and speech
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3
Q

What is defined as the entire sequence of events involved in the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the external environment and the cells of the body?

A

External respiration

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4
Q

define external respiration

A

the entire sequence of events involved in the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the external environment and the cells of the body

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of external respiration?

A

Pulmonary ventilation
gas exchange
gas transport

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6
Q

what is the inflow and outflow of air between atmosphere and the alveoli?

A

pulmonary ventilation

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7
Q

What is defined as the exchange of O@ and CO & between air in the alveoli and the blood, and between the blood and the tissues?

A

gas exchange

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8
Q

What is defined as the transport of O2 between the lungs and the tissues

A

gas transport

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9
Q

What is the intracellular metabolic processes carried out within the mitochondria, which uses O2 and produces CO2 during the derivation of energy from nutrient molecules?

A

internal and cellular resperation

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10
Q

What are the levels of respiratory levels? from where to where?

A

nose> pharynx> larynx> trachea> bronchi> bronchioles> terminal bronchioles> respiratory bronchioles> alveoli

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11
Q

The respiratory airways can be classified into what 2 zones?

A

conducting zone
respiratory zone

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12
Q

What is the boundary of the conducting zone?

A

nose to the terminal bronchioles

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13
Q

What is the function of the conducting zone in the respiratory system?

A

conduction of the air
(warm, humidify, filter)

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14
Q

What is the boundary of the respiratory zone?

A

respiratory bronchioles to alveoli

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15
Q

What is the function of the respiratory zone?

A

gas exchange

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16
Q

What is the outside or cover of the lungs made up of? from outer to inner

A

parietal pleural
pleural cavity
Visceral pleura

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17
Q

What is found in the thoracic cavity?

A

sternum
ribs
spinal column
intercostal muscles

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18
Q

What is the origin of the sympathetic nerve which affects the respiratory system?

A

vasomotor nuclei in the medulla

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19
Q

What is the distribution of the sympathetic nerve which affects the respiratory system called? or what is the nerve called?

A

sympathetic adrenergic nerve

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20
Q

Where is the ending of the sympathetic nerve that affects the respiratory system?

A

smooth muscle in bronchiole

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21
Q

What is the receptor for the sympathetic nerve affecting the respiratory system?

A

Beta-2 adrenergic receptor

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22
Q

What is the receptor of the sympathetic adrenergic nerve?

A

Beta-2 adrenergic receptor

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23
Q

What is the neurotransmitter of the sympathetic adrenergic nerve called?

A

Noradrenaline

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24
Q

What is the neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nerve of the respiratory system?

Study These Flashcards
A

Noradrenaline

25
What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation of the respiratory system?
Bronchodilation
26
What is the origin of the parasympathetic nerve which affects the respiratory system?
Vagal nuclei in medulla
27
What is the distribution of the parasympathetic nerve which affects the respiratory system called? or what is the nerve called?
vagus nerve
28
Where is the ending of the sympathetic nerve that affects the respiratory system?
smooth muscles in bronchiole
29
What is the receptor for the parasympathetic nerve affecting the respiratory system?
muscarinic receptors
30
What is the receptor of the vagus nerve??
muscarinic receptors
31
What is the neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nerve of the respiratory system?
acetylcholine
32
What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation of the respiratory system?
bronchoconstriction
33
How many phases are in the breathing cycle?
3
34
What are the 3 phases of the breathing cycle?
1. rest or pause 2. inspiration 3. expiration
35
Describe the rest or pause phase of the breathing cycle in respiration.
the period between breaths
36
Describe the inspiration period of the breathing cycle in respiration.
the period of air flow into the lungs
37
Describe the expiration cycle of the breathing cycle in respiration.
the period of air flow out of the lungs
38
What is normal quiet breathing called?
eupnea
39
What is the increase in respiratory rate called?
tachypnea
40
What is the decrease in respiratory rate called?
Bradypnea
41
What is the increase in the depth of breathing called?
hyperpnea
42
What is the decrease in the depth of breathing called?
hypopnea
43
What is the increase in the rate and depth of breathing called?
hyperventilation
44
What is the decrease in the rate and depth of breathing called?
hypoventilation
45
What is the term for difficult or labored breathing (air hunger)
dyspnea
46
What is the term for a deep and prolonged inspiratory gasps?
Apneusis
47
What is the term for the absence of breathing called?
apnea
48
What is the main principle of air movement?
the pressure gradient
49
Air tends to move from a region of ____ pressure to a region of ____ pressure.
high to low
50
Air flows in and out of the lungs during the act of breathing by moving down alternately reversing ____________________ by cyclical respiratory muscle activity.
pressure gradients established between the alveoli and the atmosphere
51
What is the pressure of the atmosphere called?
Atmospheric or barometric pressure
52
At sea level, what is the atmospheric pressure?
760 mmHG
53
As a reference, the barometric pressure (P sub b) is said to be what number?
zero 0
54
What is the term for the pressure within the alveoli?
intra-alveolar or intrapulmonary pressure (P sub A)
55
At rest intra-alveolar pressure or intrapulmonary pressure is equal to how many mmHg?
0 mmHg or 0 cmH2O
56
What is the term for the pressure within the pleural cavity?
intrapleural or intrathoracic pressure (P sub pl)
57
At rest intra pleural or intrathoracic pressure is how many mmHg?
-2.5 mmHg or -5 cm of H2O
58
What is the term for the difference between intra-alveolar pressure and intrapleural pressure?
transmural or transpulmonary pressure (P sub tp)
59
What is the equation for finding transpulmonary pressure?
intra-alveolar pressure minus intra-pleural pressure

Physiology for nursing students (2 decks)

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