Respiratory System Flashcards
(29 cards)
What percentage of the air we breathe is comprised of oxygen?
About 21%
How much does oxygen consumption increase by during excercise?
About 20 times
What are the 2 functions of the respiratory system?
- To Bring oxygen to the blood, so that mitochondria can turn glucose into energy (ATP)
- To remove the carbon dioxide from the blood, of which is created when mitochondria turn glucose into energy
Air moves from ______ pressure to _______ pressure
High to low
Movement of air into lungs depends on what?
The difference in air pressure
What are the two mechanisms of breathing?
- Inspiration
- Expiration
Explain inspiration
We breathe in, our diaphragm contracts, causing an increase in volume of our chest cavity
Explain expiration
We breathe out, our diaphragm relaxes, causing a decrease in the volume of our chest cavity
What are the four stages of breathing?
- Breathing
- External respiration
- Internal respiration
- Cellular respiration
What occurs in the breathing stage of breathing?
Inspiration and expiration
Explain external respiration
It is the stage of breathing in which CO2 is removed from blood, and oxygen is added. Occurs between lungs and blood
Explain internal respiration
It is the stage of breathing in which CO2 is removed from cells, and oxygen is delivered. Occurs between blood and tissues/cells.
Explain cellular respiration
It is the stage of breathing in which cells use oxygen and glucose to generate energy (ATP). Occurs in the mitochondria (they BLOW STUFF UP!!!).
What are the two main zones of the respiratory system structure?
- Conductive zone
- Respiratory zone
What is the conductive zone?
It is the big picture level, in which air is transported from the atmosphere to lungs. In the conductive zone air is warmed and humidified, as well as filtered through mucous and hair which trap foreign particles.
What parts make up the conductive zone?
Mouth, nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, brochioles
What is the respiratory zone?
It is the microscopic level, in which gas exchange occurs between the alveoli and capillaries. The alveoli allow for diffusion (aka gas exchange).
What parts make up the respiratory zone?
Bronchioles, alveoli
Explain the path of oxygen
- Air enters body through nose and mouth
- Travels to back of throat (pharynx)
- The trachea brings air down to the lungs
- From there it travels to bronchi, bronchioles, and then alveoli
- At the alveoli, gas exchange occurs
-> Blood with CO2 is returned, and oxygenated
blood is picked up - That oxygenated blood travels back through the heart
- From there it is pumped through the rest of the body
- Red blood cells carrying CO2 back to the heart
- CO2 is returned and expelled fro body
- Repeat process
What is the purpose of the nose and mouth?
The nose and mouth are where flows in and out. In addition, mucous and hairs help filter out foreign particles. The air begins to be warmed and humidified here.
What is the purpose of the pharynx?
It carries air down from the nose and mouth to the trachea.
What is the purpose of the trachea?
The trachea is the windpipe that carries air to the lungs.
How many lobes are there in the lungs? How many right and how many left?
There are 5 total lobes. The right lung has three lobes and the left lung has two lobes, in order to accomodate the heart.
What is the pleural membrane>
The membrane that surrounds the outer surface from the lung and lines the thoracic cavity.
