Respiratory System

Question 1

what is in the upper respiratory tract
(conducting portion)

Answer 1

sphenoidal sinus
frontal sinus
nasal cavity
pharynx

Question 2

what is in the lower respiratory tract

Answer 2

larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs

Question 3

another name for inhalation

Answer 3

inspiration

Question 4

another name for exhalation

Answer 4

expiration

Question 5

what does it mean when we say the inhaled air is conditioned

Answer 5

the gases are warmed, humidified and cleaned prior to reaching the tiny air sacs of the lungs

Question 6

what does the external portion of the nose consist of

Answer 6

cartilage and bone

Question 7

opening on the inferior surface of the nose (nostrils)

Answer 7

external nares

Question 8

what does the floor of the nose consist of

Answer 8

horizontal plate of the maxillae, horizontal portions of the palatine bones

Question 9

what does the roof of the nose consist of

Answer 9

nasal bones, frontal bone, cribriform plate of the ethmoid, sphenoid bone

Question 10

anterior region of nasal cavity, near the nostrils

Answer 10

vestible

Question 11

vibrissae

Answer 11

(nose hairs)
help trap large particles

Question 12

ciliated epithelial cells

Answer 12

move a blanket of mucus posteriorly towards the nasopharynx

Question 13

where are the chemoreceptors of the olfactory nerve located

Answer 13

upper mucous membranes of the nasal cavity

Question 14

what is the nasal septum composed of

Answer 14

septal cartilage, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, vomer

Question 15

what makes up the walls of the nose

Answer 15

primarily by the conchae, maxillary bones, palatine bones, lacrimal bones

Question 16

why does your nose run when you cry

Answer 16

the opening nasolacrimal ducts (tear ducts) are just inferior to the inferior nasal conchae

Question 17

these are lined with cilia and mucous and all drain into the nasal cavity

Answer 17

paranasal sinuses

Question 18

purpose of the paranasal sinuses

Answer 18

moistening and cleansing air
make voice resonate
lightening the weight of the skull

Question 19

what moves the mucous out through the exit that leads to the nose in the sinuses

Answer 19

cilia

Question 20

these are all lined with mucous and cilia and drain into the nasal cavity

Answer 20

frontal sinuses
ethmoidal sinuses
sphenoidal sinuses
maxillary sinuses

Question 21

where does the maxillary sinus drain

Answer 21

high and on the medial side (poor drainage)

Question 22

sinusitis

Answer 22

infection in the sinus due to accumulation of fluid

Question 23

common pathway for both inhaled and exhaled air and for ingested food

Answer 23

pharynx (except for nasopharnynx)

Question 24

3 parts of the pharynx

Answer 24

nasal
oral
laryngeal

Question 25

portion of throat behind the nose

Answer 25

nasopharynx

Question 26

open into nasopharynx region

Answer 26

eustachian tubes from the middle ear

Question 27

blocks liquids from entering the nasopharynx and is the most posterior portion of the soft palate

Answer 27

uvula

Question 28

portion of the throat behind the mouth. the visible palatine tonsils can be seen at this location

Answer 28

oropharynx

Question 29

tonsils found in the pharynx

Answer 29

pharyngeal (adenoids) palatine lingual

Question 30

laryngopharynx

Answer 30

lowest portion of throat. allows food or liquids into the esophagus and air in and out of the trachea

Question 31

most common location for large pieces of food to get stuck in

Answer 31

laryngopharynx

Question 32

that doers the lower respiratory tract consist of

Answer 32

larynx trachea bronchi lungs

Question 33

connects the laryngopharynx to the trachea. lined with cilia

Answer 33

larynx

Question 34

laryngeal prominence (adams apple) is created by what

Answer 34

thyroid cartilage

Question 35

cricothyrotomy

Answer 35

emergency airway that can be made by cutting through the cricothyroid ligament

Question 36

what is pivoted shut when the larynx rises superiorly during swallowing

Answer 36

epiglottis

Question 37

used for visualizing the larynx

Answer 37

laryngoscope

Question 38

do false vocal cords (vestibular folds) produce sound

Answer 38

no they support the true vocal cords (which do make sound)

Question 39

these vibrate when air is passed over them to produce sound

Answer 39

true vocal cords

Question 40

opening between the vocal folds

Answer 40

rima glottidis

Question 41

range of voice is determined by what

Answer 41

length of vocal folds

Question 42

pitch of voice is determined by what

Answer 42

tightness of vocal folds

Question 43

loudness of voice is determined by what

Answer 43

force of air passing the vocal cords

Question 44

what all contrtibutes to speech

Answer 44

lips, tongue, oral cavity, nasal cavity, sinuses, constriction of pharyngeal walls

Question 45

what causes laryngitis

Answer 45

infection or overuse of vocal folds

Question 46

trachea

Answer 46

connects larynx to primary bronchi. Located anterior to esophagus and is held open by C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings

Question 47

spans the open end of the c-shaped rings in the trachea and can contract to narrow the trachea so air moves more rapidly

Answer 47

trachealis muscle

Question 48

what muscles help in coughing and sneezing and force exhalation

Answer 48

internal intercostals abdominal muscles trachealis

Question 49

what is the trachea lined with

Answer 49

ciliated epithelium and mucus secreting cells

Question 50

where does air go after the trachea

Answer 50

left and right primary bronchus

Question 51

do foreign objects usually lodge in the right or left lunch and why

Answer 51

right because the left primary bronchus is more curved than the right making it easier for things to go down the right side

Question 52

internal ridge that divides the origins of the left and right primary bronchi

Answer 52

carina

Question 53

order of the branches from largest to smallest in the bronchial tree

Answer 53

primary bronchi secondary bronchi tertiary bronchi bronchioles

Question 54

what happens during an asthmatic or allergic attack in the lungs

Answer 54

bronchioles narrow because they don't have any cartilage rings to keep them open.

Question 55

final portion of the conducting system and conduct air to the respiratory portion of the respiratory system.

Answer 55

terminal bronchioles

Question 56

where does gas exchange occur

Answer 56

alveoli

Question 57

these engulf microbes and foreign material that has reached the alveoli

Answer 57

alveolar macrophages

Question 58

how many lobes does the right lung have

Answer 58

3

Question 59

how many lobes does the left lung have

Answer 59

2

Question 60

what does sympathetic innervation do with breathing

Answer 60

opens up airways

Question 61

what does parasympathetic innervation do with breathing

Answer 61

narrows the airways