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Bio 126 Lab > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

It is the process of breathing and movement of gas in and out of the lungs

A

Ventilation

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2
Q

Ventilation with distribution and exchange of gases

A

Respiration

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3
Q

It is the exchange of gases in the bloodstream

A

External Respiration

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4
Q

Exchange of gases between blood and tissue

A

Internal Respiration

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5
Q

The respiratory System ____ and ______ air before it enters the _____.

A

cleans, moistens, lungs

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6
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

A

Ventilation
Respiration
Clean and moistens inhaled air for lungs
Olfaction
Provides air for phonation
Maintain pH balance of the body

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7
Q

What is the path of air?

A

nares -> nasal vestibules -> nasal cavity -> choanae -> pharynx -> larynx -> trachea

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8
Q

Non-haired part consisting of tough keratinized squamous epithelium

A

Nasal planum

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9
Q

Opening of the nose inferior to the nasal planum.
Serves as the entry and exit point of air

A

Nostrils/External nares

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10
Q

Cartilaginous structure between the external nares

A

Philtrum

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11
Q

Composed of squamous epithelial tissues.
Most rostral part of the nasal cavity
Provides moisture to the air that enters

A

Nasal vestibule

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12
Q

Divides the nasal cavity

A

Nasal bone

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13
Q

Smaller bones projecting laterally in the nasal cavity. Filters out dust. Warms and humidify air

A

Nasal turbinate bones

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14
Q

Divided in three regions— frontal, sphenoidal, maxillary

A

Sinuses

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15
Q

what are the three sinuses? Function?

A

frontal, sphenoidal, maxillary. Moistens air before it enters the lower respiratory tract

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16
Q

Passageway of air that connect the nasal cavity with the nasopharynx

A

Nasal choanae

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17
Q

Extends from a line through the posterior edge of the hard palate to a line through the posterior boundary of the larynx

A

Pharynx

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18
Q

Three regions of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

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19
Q

Region of the pharynx posterior to nasal cavity, dorsal to the soft palate; exclusively respiratory

A

Nasopharynx

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20
Q

Region of the pharynx separated with nasopharynx by the soft palate,
ventral to the soft palate; exclusively digestive

A

Oropharynx

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21
Q

Region of the pharynx extends from the hyoid bone to the nasopharynx. Papunta sa windpipe at voicebox

A

Laryngopharynx

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22
Q

Passageway of air, food, and water

A

Pharynx

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23
Q

Passageway of air, food, and water

A

Pharynx

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24
Q

A cartilaginous structure that is superior to the trachea

A

Epiglottis

25
Q

The epiglottis flaps open to allow entry of air to the _____

A

lower respiratory tract

26
Q

The epiglottis flaps close during______ to direct food to the ________ and prevent it from going to the ________.

A

swallowing, esophagus, trachea

27
Q

● Chamber with cartilaginous walls
● Posterior to the body of the hyoid
● aka voice box

A

Larynx

28
Q

Houses the vocal cord, Produces sound or voice, Enables humans to speak

A

Larynx

29
Q

Narrow bar of bone on the external surface of the base of the tongue. Derived from the second and third gill arches in mammals

A

Hyoid

30
Q

Function of hyoid

A

Supports base of tongue, Serves as the origin and insertion of muscles

31
Q

Long and slender process that consists of a chain of four bony pieces (last piece articulates with the tympanic bulla)

A

Anterior horn of the hyoid

32
Q

Part of the upper respiratory tract that serves as the attachment site for neck muscles

A

Anterior horn of the hyoid

33
Q

Short process united with the larynx. Attachment site for neck ligaments

A

Posterior horn of the hyoid

34
Q

Opening into the larynx that allows for passage of air into the trachea and lungs

A

Glottis

35
Q

Leaf-shaped projection from the ventral margin of the glottis. Flap of cartilage above the glottis.
Seals off the trachea during food ingestion to prevent food from entering the lungs

A

Epiglottis

36
Q

Protects and supports the vocal cords

Large, shield-shaped cartilage supporting the ventral wall of the larynx
Constitutes the projection in the throat known as the Adam’s apple
Protects and supports the vocal cords

A

Thyroid cartilage

37
Q

Attachment site for muscles, cartilages, and ligaments involved in opening and closing the airway and in producing speech

A

Cricoid Cartilage

38
Q

Cartilage posterior to the thyroid cartilage and at the level of the C6 vertebra

A

Cricoid Cartilage

39
Q

Forms a ring around the larynx. Its broader dorsal side forms the dorsal wall of the larynx.

A

Cricoid Cartilage

40
Q

Triangular-shaped cartilages that supports the dorsal rim of the glottis between the glottis and
the opening to the esophagus.

A

Arytenoid cartilage

41
Q

Attachment site of vocal cords / vocal folds
Allows and aids in the movement of the vocal cords

A

Arytenoid cartilage

42
Q

Folds extending from the arytenoid cartilage to the thyroid cartilage. Responsible for phonation or the production of sound

A

True vocal cords

43
Q

Lateral to the true vocal cords and extend from the tips of the arytenoids to the base of the epiglottis
aka ventricular or vestibular folds
Can amplify and add additional resonance / texture

A

False vocal cords

44
Q

Aid in closing off the larynx when food is swallowed, Not involved in phonation

A

False vocal cords

45
Q

Tube proceeding posteriorly from the larynx, Stiffened by cartilaginous tracheal rings that are dorsally incomplete

A

Trachea

46
Q

Also known as the windpipe. May be ciliated and lined with mucus to expel foreign bodies
(mucociliary escalator)

A

Trachea

47
Q

The trachea connects the _______ and _______ to the lungs.

A

pharynx, larynx

48
Q

The trachea allows the passage of _____ into the _______?

A

air, lungs

49
Q

A lymphatic gland which is lateral to the ventral cervical artery and is located between the lungs, posterior to the sternum

A

Thymus

50
Q

Responsible for the production and maturation of immune cells, particularly T-lymphocytes, that play a key role in central defense against viruses and infections.

A

Thymus

51
Q

It also secreted thymosin, a hormone that stimulates maturation of lymphocytes in other lymphatic organs.

It decreases in size as organisms grow older (thymic involution).

A

Thymus

52
Q

Decrease in size as organisms grow older

A

thymic involution

53
Q

A dorsally directed fold of the mediastinal septum that supports the postcaval vein. Moisten the air before it enters the lower respiratory tract

A

Caval fold (of the mediastinal septum)

54
Q

Large vein, enclosed in the free dorsal margin of the caval fold, ascends from the liver to the heart. Carries blood from lower body parts to the right auricle

A

Postcaval vein

55
Q

Very large vessel posterior to the digestive tract. Passes the diaphragm and found against the dorsal wall in
the median dorsal line

A

Dorsal Aorta

56
Q

Transports blood from the aortic arches to the trunks and limbs

A

Dorsal Aorta

57
Q

Motor nerves of the diaphragm. Originate from the cervical nerves. Motor nerves of the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerves

58
Q

A muscular dome-shaped partition which separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

Takes origin from the ribs, sternum, and vertebrae, and is inserted on the central tendon

A

Diaphragm

59
Q

Contracts during normal inspiration
Increases the vertical space in the thoracic cavity
Relaxes during expiration
Reduces the volume of thoracic cavity

A

Diaphragm

Bio 126 Lab (2 decks)

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