Respiratory system

Question 1

Evaluate the lifestyle, changes and care needs to help an individual manage emphysema

Answer 1

give up smoking – slows progress of disease.
Avoid air pollution.
Change in work.
Kenneth – oxygen cylinders installed, mobility aids/home health

Question 2

Identify one effect of cystic fibrosis on the respiratory system

Answer 2

Lung damage, chest infection, inflammation of airway, restricted airflow, continuous coughing

Question 3

Asthma and emphysema are both respiratory malfunctions identify one possible cause for each malfunction

Answer 3

asthma – genetic, narrowing of airways, muscles of airways and bronchioles constrict, production of mucus, allergens, e.g. smoking, air, pollution, tobacco, pet hair

Emphysema – air trapping, dust, smoking

Question 4

Cellular respiration is a set of reactions that take place inside cells to provide energy. There are two types which are aerobic and anaerobic.
Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Answer 4

aerobic respiration – requires oxygen, provides more ATP in (32 molecules), CO2 is produced as waste product as is water, takes place in mitochondria.
Anaerobic, no, oxygen needed, less ATP two molecules, lactate is produced, takes place inside the plasma

in both – use glucose, uses a TP, produces ATP, takes place inside cells, providing energy, producing water

Question 5

The plural cavity contains fluid for lubrication, which allows lungs to move easily.
Choose two of the structures and describe their functions

Answer 5

intercostal muscles- move the ribs
alveolus function- Gus exchange, oxygen diffusers in a blood, CO2 diffuses out.
Bronchus – connects trachea with bronchioles and carries air and lungs.
Diaphragm -describes the role in inspiration and expiration

Question 6

Describe biological causes of cystic fibrosis

Answer 6

faulty genetics, sticky/thick, mucus, incorrect proteins made, water not drawn in mucus

Question 7

Eve has cystic fibrosis since she was born. It was inherited by her parents.
Explain the symptoms.

Answer 7

lack of energy, mucus stickier than usual, due to faulty genetics, and not absorbing water in mucus, problems with breathing, such as mucus traps in airways, chest infections, pathogens, e.g. bacteria, trapped in mucus, persistent cough

Question 8

Intercostal muscles on the diaphragm structures of the respiratory system. They have a role in breathing in and out.
Describe the role of one of these structures in breathing in.

Answer 8

intercostal muscles – the contract, they pull the ribs up and outwards, the increase the volume and size of lungs/throat/chest, decreasing the pressure and lungs/throat/chest

Question 9

oxygen must pass through the Alveoli walls to get into the blood
which process allows oxygen pass through the alveoli?

Assimilation, absorption, diffusion, inspiration

Answer 9

diffusion

Question 10

Describe the trachea

Answer 10

The airway that extends from mouth to lungs/windpipe

Question 11

describe the pleural membrane

Answer 11

A membrane that covers each lung and provides lining for the rib cage

Question 12

describe the diaphragm

Answer 12

Muscle that separates the chest cavity/thorax from the digestive system

Question 13

Bill age, 75, and a lifetime smoker has severe emphysema.
Explain the physical effects that emphysema is likely to have on Bill and his result in care needs

Answer 13

emphysema results in destruction of a alveoli of lungs.
less surface area for gas exchange, less oxygen obtained by the body.
Insufficient for bodies demands, resulting in lab bad breathing.
Lack of energy and breathlessness on any activity will occur.
Become a mobile, which means wheelchair one story house/stairlift as you cannot walk up the stairs.
Oxygen cylinder to assist breathing. This may require home help.

Question 14

explain how air is moved in and out the lungs

Answer 14

double plural membranes are attached to both elasticated lungs/rib cage/diaphragm
Fluid between membranes cause membranes to stick together. This means during inspiration the rib cage is raised by an action of intercostal muscles and muscular diaphragm flattens membrane, pull lungs out and up. this result in an increased volume of long , lungs air pressure inside lungs drops so atmospheric air is drawn/sucked in
on expiration muscles contraction cease This means rib cage for back due to gravity and diaphragm recoils of boards. The volume of lungs decrease on air is forced back out.

Question 15

identify two reasons for gaseous exchange

Answer 15

Obtain oxygen by diffusion from air in alveolis to red blood cells in lung capillaries
obtain oxygen for aerobic respiration and production of ATP from glucose in body cells.
To remove CO2 by diffusion from the plasma, of capillary to air and alveoli.
To prevent acidic CO2 from building up in blood and preventing cell activity

Question 16

What produces more ATP, aerobic respiration or anaerobic respiration

Answer 16

Aerobic respiration produces more ATP

Question 17

Which statement about emphysema is correct?
– High blood pressure is a risk factor for emphysema.
– animal fur can trigger emphysema
– Emphysema damages alveoli
– Smoking cigarettes is not linked to emphysema

Answer 17

– Emphysema damages alveoli