Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the Nasal Cavity

Answer 1

This is the first place where the air enters the body

Question 2

What is the Epiglottis

Answer 2

A small flap of skin/cartilage at the back of the throat.

Question 3

What is Pharynx

Answer 3

This is also known as your throat

Question 4

What is Larynx

Answer 4

This is also known as your voice box

Question 5

What is Trachea

Answer 5

This is also known as the windpipe

Question 6

What is the bronchus

Answer 6

Carries air to the lungs.

Question 7

What is the Bronchioles

Answer 7

Small airways that extend from the Bronchi and connect to the Bronchi.

Question 8

What is the lungs

Answer 8

The organs that allow oxygen to be taken into the body

Question 9

What is the alveoli

Answer 9

Also known as out air sacs

Question 10

What is the Diaphragm

Answer 10

The flat muscles that pulls down to open up the chest cavity.

Question 11

What is the thoracic cavity

Answer 11

The chamber of the chest that is protected by the rib cage.

Question 12

What are the internal intercostal muscles

Answer 12

• Lie inside the rib cage.
• Draw the ribs downwards and inwards.
• Decreases the volume of the chest cavity and forces air out of the lungs when breathing out.

Question 13

What are external intercostal muscles

Answer 13

• Lie outside the rib cage.
• Pull the ribs upwards and outwards.
• Increases the volume of the chest cavity and draws air into the lungs when breathing in.

Question 14

What is inspiration

Answer 14

-This is the process of breathing air into the lungs.
-The intercostal muscles contract between the ribs, lift the ribs upwards and outwards, so the diaphragm is forced downwards.
-Pressure inside the chest drops which results in air being drawn into the lungs.

Question 15

What is Expiration

Answer 15

-This is when air is being let out of the lungs.
-The intercostal muscles relax which makes the rib cage move downwards and inwards.
-Pressure inside the lungs increases, and the air is pushed out of the lungs.

Question 16

Define Gaseous extchange

Answer 16

-The process where oxygen from the air in the alveoli moves into the blood in the capillaries,
-while carbon dioxide moves from the blood in the capillaries into the air in the alveoli.

Question 17

Explain Gaseous extchange when breathing

Answer 17

-The process by which one type of gas is exchanged for another.
-In the lungs – occurs by diffusion between air in the lungs and blood in the capillaries.
-Capillaries surround the walls of the alveoli.
-The process delivers oxygen into and removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream.
-As we breathe in the alveoli inflate, increasing their capacity for inhaled air and their surface area.
-Oxygen comes from inhaled air. CO2 is released through expiration.

Question 18

What is diffusion

Answer 18

-Diffusion occurs from a high concentration area to a low concentration area.

Question 19

What is the protein that the red blood cell membrane latches onto

Answer 19

Haemoglobin

Question 20

How are the alveoli adapted

Answer 20

-They are folded, this provides a much greater surface area
-The walls of the alveoli are only one cell thick, shortening the diffusion distance across which gases have to move
-Each alveolus is surrounded by blood capillaries which ensure a good blood supply
-Each alveolus is ventilated, removing waste carbon dioxide and replenishing oxygen levels in the alveolar air
- Alveoli have a film of moisture which aids diffusion, making it easier for particles to diffuse

Question 21

Define respiratory rate

Answer 21

Your respiratory rate is the amount of air you breathe in one minute.

Question 22

What is tidal volume

Answer 22

Tidal volume is the term used to describe the volume of air breathed in and out with each breath

Question 23

What is vital capacity

Answer 23

Vital capacity is the amount of air that can be forced out of the lungs after maximal inspiration

Question 24

What is the inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 24

The maximal amount of additional air that can be drawn into the lungs after normal inspiration

Question 25

What is the Expiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 25

Amount of additional air that can be breathed out after normal expiration

Question 26

What is the medulla oblongata

Answer 26

-Located in the middle of the brain
-Responsible for involuntary functions such as breathing, heart beat and sneezing.

Question 27

Explain how neural controls breathing

Answer 27

-Inspiration is an active process as the diaphragm muscle is actively contracting which causes air to enter the lungs
-Expiration is a passive process as the diaphragm muscle relaxes to allow air to exit the lungs. This process is controlled by neurones (cells that conduct nerve impulses) in the brain stem

Question 28

Explain how chemicals control breathing

Answer 28

-Other factors that control breathing are the continually changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
-Sensors responding to such chemical fluctuations are called chemoreceptors
-These are found in the medulla and in the aortic arch and carotid arteries
-These chemoreceptors detect changes in blood carbon dioxide levels as well as changes in blood acidity and send signals to the medulla that will make changes to breathing rates

Question 29

What are the responses on the respiratory system

Answer 29

-Increased breathing rate
-Increased Tidal Volume

Question 30

Explain the response of increased breathing rate to exercise

Answer 30

During exercise, your muscles demands more oxygen, and then the increase in carbon dioxide stimulates faster and deeper breathing

Question 31

Explain the response of increased tidal volume to exercise

Answer 31

During exercise, tidal volume increases to allow more air to pass through the lungs. Tidal volume is elevated by both aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Because of the lack of oxygen, this triggers a deeper tidal volume to help cope with the change

Question 32

Explain an adaptation