respiratory system Flashcards
(21 cards)
what does the respiratory system consist of
specialised organs for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
what organs make up the respiratory system (9)
nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, intercostal muscles, ribcage, diaphragm, lungs
what happens during inspiration (5)
intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract causing ribcage - up and out and diaphragm - flatten which increases volume of thorax and decreases lung pressure
what happens during expiration (5)
intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax causing ribcage - down and in and diaphragm - curved which decreases volume of thorax and increases air pressure
what is a limitation of the bell and jar model
the balloons that represent the lungs are empty but irl they’re full of alveoli which individually inflate/deflate
what is gas exchange
the physical process where oxygen is exchanged with co2 by diffusion
where does gas exchange take place
in the alveoli
what are the specialisations of the alveoli to maximise the rate of diffusion of O2 and CO2
huge surface area, good blood supply and very thin walls
inspired air and expired air
% of CO2, O2, H2O, N2
0.04, 21, varies, 79
________________________________
4, 16, saturated, 79
when breathed in and air is drawn, why does the first tube still remain colourless
as it contains little CO2
when breathed out, why does the limewater contain bubbles
as this air contains CO2 which is produced during respiration therefore the limewater turns cloudy
what is the function of mucus
to trap bacteria and particles present in the air
what does the cilia do with the mucus
it beats to move the mucus back up the throat to be swallowed and destroyed by the stomach so it doesnt get into the lungs
how can cigarette smoke affect the process of mucus and cillia
there are particles that clog the mucus in the airways and chemicals which paralyse cilia therefore mucus is not moved up the throat effectively
the risk of ___________ infections increase as bacteria are more likely to _________ the _________
respiratory, enter, lungs
what does cigarette smoke also contain that can cause cancer
tar which is full of toxic chemicals, some being carcinogens which can cause cancer
type of lung disease caused by smoking, what is it and what white blood cell comes to help
emphysema which is where foreign particles become trapped in the alveoli, phagocyte
the trapped particles cause ______________ which attracts __________. they then produce an _________ which breaks down the _________ walls
inflammation, phagocytes, enzyme, alveoli
what is the consequence of the destruction of the alveoli wall
the surface area of the alveoli is reduced therefore decreasing the rate of gas exchange which results in difficulty for the alveoli to expel air
what are the symptoms of the narrowing of airway
shortness of breath and wheezing
why do ppl with emphysema have an increased breathing rate
as they try to increase the amount of oxygen from the air
