Respiratory system Flashcards
What is the thoracic cavity?
Closed cavity surrounded by thoracic cage. Vertebrae bone at back, sternum bone at front, ribs come around on the side, and diaphragm forms the tops (supports based of lungs and major muscle of breathing).
What is the costal margin?
Angle of lower border of ribs. Should be 90 degrees.
Characteristics of ribs?
12 of them, rib 1-7 attach directly to sternum, 8-10 attach indirectly, and 11-12 are floating ribs that don’t attach.
Right/left lungs and lobe characteristics?
Right lung has 3 lobes and is shorter than left because it rests on the liver. Left has 2 lobes. Anteriorly we get most access to upper/middle lobes and posteriorly we get access to mostly lower lobes.
What is the location of inflation of the lungs?
Around T10 but we have capacity expand lungs by 2 intervertebral spaces.
Pleural membrane of lungs?
Has parietal and visceral layers. Visceral encloses organs and parietal lines inside the chest wall. Has pleural cavity filled with serous fluid between layers to prevent friction when we breathe.
What is in the upper respiratory and lower respiratory system?
UP- nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx is transition between upper and lower
LR- trachea, bronchi, lungs
What is the conducting and respiratory zone?
C- nose/mouth to terminal bronchioles, dead space so there’s no gas exchange here, just conducts air to lungs
R- respiratory bronchioles to alveoli where gas exchange occurs
4 functions of respiratory system?
- Supply O2 for energy production
- Remove CO2 wastes from energy reactions
- Maintain homeostasis (acid base balance)
- Maintain heat exchange
What’s the process on how we breathe?
Inspiration- chest size increases, contraction of diaphragm (flat and lengths vertical diameter), intercostal muscles lift sternum and elevate ribs
Expiration- diaphragm relaxes (forms dorm and expands upwards)
What is cheyne stokes breathing?
Regularly irregular breathing, usually at end of life, aka the death rattle, have secretions in your lungs.
What is biots?
Irregular breathing and period of apnea.
Subjective data for respiratory system?
Cough, SOB, chest pain with breathing, hx of respiratory infections, smoking hx, environmental exposure, and self care behaviours.
What is hypoxia and hypoxemia?
Hypoxia- condition of insufficient O2 anywhere on body, localized areas aren’t receiving O2. This leads to tissue damage/localized cyanosis/can lead to hypoxemia.
Hypoxemia is reduced O2 level in blood. Cyanosis is generalized/impaired diffusion at alveolar capillary bed/less O2 to brain which causes confusion, agitation, restlessness, retractions.
What are voice sounds/types?
Determines quality of voice sounds. Spoken voice is auscultate d over chest wall, Patient repeats ninety nine while you listen. Should hear muffled/soft sounds.
- Bronchophony- patient says 99 and sounds muffled/soft
- Egophony- normally hear eeeee
- Whispered pectoriloquy- patient whisper 1,2,3, hear faint/muffled/almost inaudible
