RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Question 1

Define Respiration

Answer 1

the process by which energy is released from food (usually glucose) in the cell of living things.

Question 2

Why is respiration important?

Answer 2

it provides the energy needed for organisms to preform all necessary functions to maintain life

Question 3

What are the two types of respiration?

Answer 3

Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration

Question 4

What is Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 4

the breakdown of food to produce energy in the absence of oxygen.

Question 5

Why is anaerobic useful?

Answer 5

It is useful to man, to manufacture yougurt, bread, wine and biofuels.

Question 6

What occurs when oxygen isn’t avaliable.

Answer 6

Glucose ( C6H12O6) can be broken down into Carbon Dioxide and Ethanol ( C2H5OH) ( in yeast or lactic acid in humans)

Question 7

What are two examples of anaerobic respiration

Answer 7

Alcoholic fermentation and in lactic acid fermentation

Question 8

,

What is alcoholic fermentation?

Answer 8

Glucose ( C6H12O6) can be broken down into Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Ethanol ( C2H5OH) in the presence of yeast

Question 9

What is the Word Equation for Anaerobic Respiration ( Alcoholic Respiration)

Answer 9

Glucose –> Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + Energy

Question 10

What is the Chemical Equation for Anaerobic Respiration ( Alcoholic Respiration)

Answer 10

C6H12O6 —> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 210KJ

Question 11

How is yeast added to the bread making process?

Answer 11

yeast is added to dough( which contains sugar), the yeast reacts with the sugar in the dough to produce ENERGY.

It produces carbon dioxide which causes dough to rise.

Ethanol which evaporates in the oven as a waste product.

Question 12

How does alcohol fermentation assist in wine making

Answer 12

grapes are crushed, and the juice (containing sugar and yeast) is extracted. The yeast ferments the sugar, slowly turning it into alcohol

Question 13

What is Lactic Acid Fermentation?

Answer 13

The muscle cells in the human body produces energy by using lactic acid and glucose in the absence of oxygen

Question 14

How does humans use lactic acid?

Answer 14

Humans makes use of it during strenuous muscular activity when the cells are deprived of oxygen

Question 15

How is Lactic Fermentation used in althletes?

Answer 15

When althletes are running they are unable to breathe fast enough to supply oxygen to the muscle cells , the muscle cells must produce energy in the absence of oxygen by making lactic acid.

Question 16

What is lactic acid and why must humans get rid of it?

Answer 16

Lactic acid is a mild poison that causes the muscles to ache. The althlete gets rid of it by decreasing activity and allow the body to naturally get rid of it by deep breaths

Question 17

What is the Word Equation for Lactic Acid Fermentation

Answer 17

Glucose –> Lactic Acid + Energy

Question 18

What is the chemical Equation for Lactic Acid Fermentation

Answer 18

C6H12O6 –> 2C3H6O3 + 150KJ

Question 19

What is Aerobic Respiration

Answer 19

is the breakdown of food to produce energy in the presence of oxygen

Question 20

What does all food molecules contain

Answer 20

Carbon , Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 21

What is oxidation (biology term)

Answer 21

Glucose combines with oxygen (food is oxidised)

Question 22

What occurs when glucose is oxidised

Answer 22

the bonds between the atoms are broken setting energy free.

Question 23

What is the Word Equation for Aerobic respiration

Answer 23

Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

Question 24

What is the Chemical Equation for Aerobic respiration

Answer 24

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H20 + 2880 KJ

Question 25

What is Fermentation?

Answer 25

is an anaerobic process that occurs in bacteria, yeast, which allows for chemical breakdown of a substance (glucose) to release energy in the absence of oxygen.

Question 26

Where does Respiration occur ?

Answer 26

In the Mitochondria

Question 27

How is the mitochondria adapted to increase surface area?

Answer 27

The inner membrane of the mitochondria is called the cristae. It is folded to increase the surface area for chemical reactions to occur.

Question 28

What is the area inside of the mitochondria called?

Answer 28

The area inside of the mitochondria called the matrix, is filled with water, proteins and enzymes. The enzymes are importance in the synthesis of ATP molecules.

Question 29

Describe the process in which respiration occurs in the mitochondria

Answer 30

1. Air enters the nasal cavity - here it will be warmed, cleaned and moistened by the nasal membrane before it reaches the lungs.

Question 31

How is mucus produced?

Answer 31

mucus is produced by the goblet cells.

Answer 32

Diaphragm Intercostal muscles Air pressure Thorax volume Rib cage sternum