Respiratory system

Question 1

What is the basic function of Respiratory system

Answer 1

1)Gas exchange
2)Blood pH balance
3)Generation of sound
4)Warm humidify air
5)Heat exchange
6)Metabolic/ endocrine function

Question 2

Organs, bones and muscles involved in respiration (name at least 6)

Answer 2

Nose, Mouth, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea
Bronchi, Lung
Diaphragm, Ribs, Pleura, Alveoli, Capillaries

Question 3

What are the two section of the branched air way

Answer 3

Conducting system and Exchange surface

Question 4

4 parts that make up the Conducting system

Answer 4

Trachea
Primary bronchi
Smaller bronchi
Bronchioles

Question 5

2 parts that make up the Exchange surface

Answer 5

Respiratory bronchioles
Alveoli

Question 6

How do we breath (hint: pressure)

Answer 6

Create a negative pressure inside the chest, which draws the air in

Question 7

Why intrapleural pressure (756mmHg) is lower than the atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg)

Answer 7

Because it is oppose to two pulls (The lung and thoracic wall)
Increase the volume which decreases pressure
Slight negative pressure hold lung and rib cage together

Question 8

Why lung naturally want to recoil

Answer 8

Surface tension (and that’s why there’s a pleural sac between the thoracic wall and lungs.)

Question 9

Physiology process of air exchange

Answer 9

1)Inspiratory muscle contract
2)Thoracic cavity volume increases and pressure decreases
3)Intrapulmonary volume increases and pressure decreases (by 1 mmHg)
4)Air flow from high pressure (atmospheric 760mm Hg) to Low pressure (759mmHg) until equalize
* Intrapleural pressure drop further, because inflated lung want to recoil more

Question 10

What muscles is used during quiet breathing

Answer 10

Inspiration: Diaphragm, external intercostal muscles
Expiration: relaxion of diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Question 11

Contractions of which muscles are involved in quiet expiration?
A. Abdominal muscles
B. Internal intercostal muscles
C. Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
D. Diaphragm and internal intercostal muscles
E. None of the above

Answer 11

E

Question 12

Which of the following is not related to a negative Pip?
A. Recoil of the lungs
B. Alveolar surface tension
C. Airway resistance
D. Elastic force of the thoracic cage
E. None of the above

Answer 12

C

Question 13

Physical factors that effect pulmonary ventilation

Answer 13

Airway resistance
Lung compliance & elastic recoil
Alveolar surface tension

Question 14

What affect airway resistance

Answer 14

Friction against walls or airways
Diameter of airways

Question 15

What is compliance and elastic recoil in the context of lung

Answer 15

Ability for lung to be stretched (change in volume)
Ability for lung to rebound

Question 16

There are water inside alveolar that resist over inflation, but state why this may cause it to collapse

Answer 16

Water has surface tension which pull itself towards the centre, and it makes smaller alveolar higher tendency to collapse.

Question 16

What is in on alveolar that increase compliance and lower elastic recoil due to surface tension

Answer 16

Pulmonary surfactant
synthesised by type 2 alveolar cells
amphiphilic

Question 16

Force that keep alveoli open (hint : 3)

Answer 16

• Intrapleural pressure
• Pulmonary surfactant
• Alveolar interdependence (alveoli keep each other open)

Question 17

Force make alveoli close

Answer 17

• Elasticity of stretched pulmonary connective tissue
• Alveolar surface tension

Question 18

A healthy person cannot fully empty his/her lungs because:
A. Alveolar surface tension
B. Dynamic small airway closure
C. Lung elasticity
D. All of the above

Answer 18

B

Question 19

Which of the following does not help keeping the alveoli open?
A. Pulmonary elasticity
B. Intrapleural pressure
C. Alveolar interdependence
D. Pulmonary surfactant
E. None of the above

Answer 19

A

Question 20

The pulmonary circuit has the following characteristics