respiratory system Flashcards
(27 cards)
what is the respiratory control centre
The medulla oblongata is the primary respiratory control center. Its main function is to send signals to the muscles that control respiration to cause breathing to occur.
what is the medulla oblongata
is the connection between the brainstem and the spinal cord, carrying multiple important functional centers.
what is the phrenic nerve
The phrenic nerves provide motor innervation to the diaphragm and work in conjunction with secondary respiratory muscles
what is CO2
carbon dioxide
what is O2
oxygen
what is pH
measurement of acidity or alkalinity of a solution
what is acidity
the level of acid in substances
what is neural control
The neural control of respiration refers to functional interactions between networks of neurons that regulate movements of the lungs, airways and chest wall and abdomen, in order to accomplish effective organismal uptake of oxygen and expulsion of carbon dioxide, airway
what is chemical control
the hydrogen ion content of the respiratory neurones which in turn is dependent upon the carbon dioxide tension of the blood and the rate of flow of blood through the medulla.
what is external intercostals
The external intercostals are small muscles located in between each rib, starting at the first rib and extending down to the 11th rib. The motions of these muscles assist the lungs by raising the ribs and expanding the chest cavity.
what is internal intercostals
The internal intercostals pull down on the rib cage and push air out of the lungs.
what is the sternocleidomastoid
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is one of over 20 pairs of muscles acting on the neck. Lifts the rib cage and sternum during contraction
what is the rectus abdominals
makes up the top layer of your abdominal muscles, commonly referred to as your “six-pack.” It is two flat and parallel muscles separated by linea alba
what are the oblique abdominals
Your external obliques are a pair of muscles, one on each side of your rectus abdominis. They’re the largest of the flat muscles and sit at the bottom of the stack. They run from the sides of your body toward the middle. Your external obliques allow your trunk to twist from side to side.
what are transverse abdominals
maintaining proper placement of the abdominal contents as well as helping support the lower back
what is the diaphragm
a muscle that helps you inhale and exhale (breathe in and out). This thin, dome-shaped muscle sits below your lungs and heart. It’s attached to your sternum
what is your thoracic cavity
is a space inside your thorax (chest) that contains your heart, lungs and other organs and tissues.
what are chemoreceptors
special nerve cells or receptors that sense changes in the chemical composition of the blood. That information is sent from the chemoreceptors to the brain to help keep the cardiovascular and respiratory systems balanced.
what is minute volume (VE)
is measured in litres per minute and is calculated by multiplying tidal volume by breathing rate
what is tidal volume
is the amount of air ventilated in or out of the lungs in one breathe. the average tidal volume is 0.5 and rest and increases by 3 at exercise
what is oxyhemoglobin
The oxygen-loaded form of hemoglobin, the predominant protein in red blood cells
what is affinity
o2 has a high affinity for haemoglobin which means the red blood cell wants 100% saturation so the o2 moves across the alveoli and capillary membranes by diffusion
what is partial pressure
the amount of prove one has exerts on another
what is the Bohr shift
on the oxygen dissociation graph the Bohr shift has a decrease in pH increase in temp and CO2 so the s shaped curve will differ
