Respiratory system

Question 1

Tidal volume

Answer 1

Amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs per breath

Question 2

minute ventilation

Answer 2

The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in 1 min

Question 3

inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 3

maximum amount of air that can be forcebly inspired in addition to tidal volume

Question 4

expiratory reserve volume

Answer 4

maximum amount of air that can be forcibly expired in addition to tidal volume

Question 5

vital capacity

Answer 5

Maximum volume of air exhaled after a maximal inspiration

Question 6

residual volume

Answer 6

Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration

Question 7

total lung capacity

Answer 7

vital capacity + residual volume

Question 8

minute ventilation

Answer 8

The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in 1 min

Question 9

heart rate

Answer 9

number of beats per minute

Question 10

cardiac hypertrophy

Answer 10

increased cardiac muscle mass

Question 11

Anticipatory Rise

Answer 11

Increase in heart rate in preperation of exercise

Question 12

role of alveoli

Answer 12

allows gaseous exchange between lungs and the blood

Question 13

How is the alveoli suited to gasesous exchange

Answer 13

• 1 cell thick
• large surface area
• large blood supply
• partially permeable membrane

Question 14

what is diffusion

Answer 14

the movement of a gas from an area of high to low concentration. (down the concentration gradient)

Question 15

where are the two sites of respiration

Answer 15

lungs and muscles

Question 16

3 impacts of smoking on the respiratory system

Answer 16

1. damaged cilia
2. blocked bronchi
3. alveoli covered in tar

Question 17

impact of damaged cilia

Answer 17

• more debris can enter the lungs
• can’t be brushed up and out
• reduces good performance

Question 18

impacts of blocked bronchi

Answer 18

• less air is able to travel into lungs and alveoli
• decreased tidal volume
• reduces physical activity (easy fatigue)

Question 19

impacts of alevoli coated in tar

Answer 19

• redcues surface area
• reduces gasesous exchange
• reduces physical activity

Question 20

Chemoreceptors

Answer 20

Detect changes in co2 and pH

Question 21

Baroreceptors

Answer 21

Detects chnage in blood pressure

Question 22

Proprioceptors

Answer 22

Detects change in muscle length

Question 23

role of the inspiratory centre

Answer 23

responsible for inspiration and expiration

Question 24

role of the expiratory centre

Answer 24

stimulates the expiratory muscles during exercise

Question 25

role of stretch receptors

Answer 25

Detects overinflation of the lungs

Question 26

partial pressure

Answer 26

the pressure exerted by a gas within a mixture of gases

Question 27

Role of the phrenic nerve

Answer 27

causes diaphragm to contract and expand. This gives the lungs the ability to inhale and exhale air

Question 28

Role of the intercostal nerve

Answer 28

contract and move the ribs upwards and outwards. This increases the size of the chest and decreases the air pressure inside it which sucks air into the lungs.

Question 29

The order of increased inspiration during exercise is:

Answer 29

Receptors - medulla oblongata - phrenic nerve - inspiratory muscles (diaphragm, external intercostals, scalenes and pectoralis minor)

Question 30

The order for expiration during exercise is:

Answer 30

Receptors - medulla oblongata - intercostal nerve - abdominals and internal intercostals

Question 31

Gaseous exchange

Answer 31

The movement of oxygen from the air into the blood, and carbon dioxide from blood into the air

Question 32

medulla oblongata

Answer 32

In the brain, motor and sensory neurons travel through

Question 33

vascular shunting

Answer 33

Blood can be redistributed to body parts

Question 34

What is the hering breur reflex

Answer 34

A reflex triggered to prevent the over-inflation of the lung.