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biology - systems > respiratory system > Flashcards

respiratory system Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

what is cellular respiration

A

cellular process where carbohydrates are converted into energy ( ATP )

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2
Q

what is physiological respiration

A

movement of oxygen from the outside environment to the cells within tissues, and the removal of carbon dioxide in the opp direction

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3
Q

what are the 2 types of physiological respiration

A

internal and external

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4
Q

explain internal respiration

A

oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the blood vessels and body cells

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5
Q

explain external respiration

A

(breathing)
involves bringing air into the lungs (inhalation) and releasing air to the atmosphere (exhalation)

Exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood

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6
Q

what is in the conductive zone

A

oral cavity/nasal passage
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles

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7
Q

what is in the respiration zone

A

bronchioles
alveoli

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8
Q

what is the overall function of the conductive zone

A

cleans air entering the lung s

warms the air to 37 before entering alveoli

saturates air with moisture so alveoli doesn’t dry out

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9
Q

function of nasal passage and oral cavity

A

mouth and nose intake air and breathe out waste

air is warmed by the blood passing through a large number of capillaries

air is moistened by the mucus membranes and filtered by the hair, cilia and mucus

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10
Q

why do we filter, moisten, warm the air

A

prevents damage to delicate lung tissue

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11
Q

function of pharynx

A

transports air from nasal and oral cavity to larynx (and esophagus)

a part of the respiratory and digestive system

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12
Q

function of epiglottis

A

a membrane that covers larynx when you swallow

food is then directed into your esophagus and not into you trachea

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13
Q

when is your epiglottis open

A

when you’re breathing, talking, inhaling, singing

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14
Q

function of larynx

A

passageway for air only

consists of several pieces of cartilage

(Contains the vocal cords)

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15
Q

function of trachea

A

tube that carries air to the bronchi

contains C-shaped rings of cartilage to provide support to keep it open

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16
Q

where are goblet cells and what do they do

A

trachea

secrete mucus that traps dust and microorganisms

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17
Q

where is the cilia and what does it do

A

inside of trachea

sweep and direct mucus upwards towards the epiglottis, then is swallowed and digested

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18
Q

function of bronchi
(singular is bronchus)

A

tubes that carry air to bronchioles

site where respiratory system splits into left and right side

c-shaped cartilage for structure that contains mucus and cilia

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19
Q

explain the “primary” bronchi

A

the left and right main bronchi

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20
Q

explain the “secondary” bronchi

A

middle of your lungs
(lobar bronchi)

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21
Q

explain the ‘tertiary’ bronchi

A

edge of lungs, just before the bronchioles

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22
Q

function of bronchioles

A

Smaller tubes that branch from the bronchi

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23
Q

what are the terminal bronchioles

Study These Flashcards
A

the last conducting airway and it gives rise to 2 or more respiratory bronchioles

24
Q

what do the respiratory bronchioles

Study These Flashcards
A

delivers air to alveoli

25
what is the overall function of the respiratory zone
gas exchange alveoli give oxygen to capillaries capillaries give carbon dioxide to alveoli
26
function of alveoli
300 million alveoli in each lung site of gas exchange Wrapped with capillaries 1 cell thick (easy diffusion of gases)
27
what is the alveolar duct alveolar sacs what is an aveoli
leads to the sac bundle of alveoli one
28
what is diffusion and concentration gradients
particles move down their concentration gradients - an area of high conc to an area of low conc greater the difference in concentration the faster the diffusion (and the higher the concentration gradient)
29
explain how oxygen move in and out of alveoli
oxygen moves into alveoli high Concentration of O2 in alveoli low concentration of O2 in capillaries O2 diffuses into capillaries (Red blood cells) blood to left side of heart
30
explain how carbon dioxide moves in and out of alveoli
carbon dioxide moves into capillary from right side of heart high Concentration of CO2 in capillaries low concentration of CO2 in alveoli CO2 diffuses into alveoli CO2 moves up respiratory tract
31
what is diffusion
movement of molecules from an area of higher conc to an area of lower conc
32
what is the benefit of having alveoli
gas exchange rises carbon and provides oxygen
33
why do we have so many alveoli in our lungs
increases productivity
34
what is counter current respiration
34
what happens to the cilia when you smoke
kills cilia which prevent s you form digesting mucus
35
what are the alternative strategies of respiration
gills diffusion combination
36
why are our lungs not the same size
right is shorter because the liver sits higher left is smaller because the heart takes up the space
37
circulatory system purpose
Transport oxygen to ALL body cells Removal of waste materials from ALL body cells (metabolic waste which includes CO2) Transport of nutrients from digestive system to ALL body cells To help protect the body from infection (WBC) and blood loss (platelets)
38
explain the travel of deoxygenated blood
deoxygenated blood from your tissues is collected into the superior and inferior vena cava and fills right atrium moves from right atrium into right ventricle through the tricuspid valve pumped from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery (through pulmonary valve) which leads to the lungs
39
explain the travel of oxygenated blood
From the lungs, oxygenated blood moves into pulmonary veins and collects in the left atrium Blood then moves from the left atrium into left ventricle through the bicuspid valve (mitral valve) Blood Is then pumped from left ventricle into the aorta through the aortic valve It is then pumped from aorta to the tissues in our body
40
what is pulmonary circulation
flow of blood from the heart to the lungs for gas exchange
41
what is systemic circulation
flow of blood from the heart to the body to supply the organs and tissues with oxygen, nutrients and remove wastes
42
what is the SA node
electrical signal starts in SA node and spreads through the walls of the atria, causing them to contract forcing blood into the ventricles
43
what is the AV node
delays signal, giving the atria time to contract before the ventricles do
44
what is the His-Purkinje Network
pathway of fibers that send an impulse to the muscular walls of the ventricles causing them to contract from the apex (bottom) forcing blood up and out of the heart
45
what is blood pressure
measure of the pressure or force of blood against the walls of your arteries while the heart is contracting and relaxing
46
what are the 2 pressure measurements
systolic and diastolic
47
what is systolic pressure
pressure measurement of when the ventricles CONTRACT blood from the Right Ventricle gets pushed to the lungs and blood from the left ventricle gets sent to the body through the aorta.
48
what is diastolic pressure
pressure measurement of when the ventricles are RELAXED While the ventricles are relaxed, blood from the right and left atrium fills the ventricles.
49
what are the components of blood
plasma white blood cells platelets red blood cells
50
what is plasma
liquid part of blood diluted solution of salt, glucose, amino acids, vitamins...
51
what do white blood cells do
involved in immune system
52
what do platelets do
invovled in blood clotting
53
what do red blood cells do
involved in carrying oxygen
54

biology - systems (2 decks)

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