Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the purpose of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

exchnage oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 2

what is hypercapnia?

Answer 2

increased carbon dioxide

Question 3

ventilation

Answer 3

moving gas in and out of lungs

Question 4

diffusion

Answer 4

moving gas from high to low concentration

Question 5

what happens after inspiration?

Answer 5

oxygen is increased in aveoli than in capillaries

Question 6

where are the lungs located?

Answer 6

pleural cavity

Question 7

how many lobes does the right and left lung have and which one is short?

Answer 7

right = 3
left = 2

right lung is shorter

Question 8

how many ribs and which ones are floating?

Answer 8

12 and the 11th and 12th are floating

Question 9

describe negative pressure

Answer 9

breathing air in and the diaphragm contracts/ moves down

Question 10

describe positive pressure

Answer 10

breath out air and the diaphragm relaxes and moves up

Question 11

3 parts of the upper airway and some characteristics

Answer 11

nose pharynx larynx
protets lower from foreign matter

Question 12

parts of lower airway

Answer 12

trachea and bronchi

Question 13

describe some subjective data

Answer 13

chronic illness
allergies
difficulty breathing with ADL’S
do you smoke
where do you work

Question 14

describe some problem based history

Answer 14

Onset
Location
Duration
Characterization
Aggravation facotrs
Related symptoms
Treatments
Severity

Question 15

sleep apnea

Answer 15

snoring, sudden awakening, dry mouth

Question 16

orthopnea

Answer 16

trouble breathing

Question 17

dyspnea

Answer 17

difficulty breathing or speaking over time

Question 18

sputum color: white

Answer 18

common cold/ viral infection

Question 19

sputum color: yellow green

Answer 19

bacterial infection

Question 20

sputum color: brown/black blood

Answer 20

hemoptysis

Question 21

sputum color: pink frothy

Answer 21

pulmonary edema

Question 22

primary prevention

Answer 22

keeps it from happening (stop smoking)

Question 23

secondary prevention

Answer 23

catch it if it has happened (chronic cough or SOB)

Question 24

tertiary prevention

Answer 24

control the disease

Question 25

how do you prepare for a physical exam?

Answer 25

introduce hand hygiene privacy warm hands 2 identifiers

Question 26

expected and unepected appearance and posture

Answer 26

calm, relaxed, effortless breathing nasal flaring, pursed lip breathing

Question 27

expected and unexpected count

Answer 27

12-20 eupnea quiet, symmetrical bradypnea, tachypnea, hyperventilation

Question 28

expected and unexpected nails

Answer 28

pink, angle 160, color consistens with ethnicity cyanosis, pallor, clubbing

Question 29

posterior expected and unexpected

Answer 29

symmetrical, scapula even asymmetrical, scoliosis, barrel shaped

Question 30

anterior expected and unexpected

Answer 30

ribs slope downward, costal angle less than 90 barrel chested

Question 31

describe AP lateral ratio

Answer 31

side angle should be 1 compared tothe front angle 2

Question 32

scoliosis

Answer 32

s curve

Question 33

kyphosis

Answer 33

spine curve outward/ hunch back

Question 34

lordosis

Answer 34

lumbar, spine inward

Question 35

pectus carinatum

Answer 35

bird beak/ chest pointed mid sternum

Question 36

pectus excavatum

Answer 36

mid sternum inward andcould lead to chest and lung problem

Question 37

what test do you use to test posterior and anterior thorax palpation

Answer 37

tactile (vocal) fremitus anterior costal margain

Question 38

describe tactile (vocal) fremitus

Answer 38

say 99 and feel vibrations as you move down

Question 39

describe percussion of the posterior thorax

Answer 39

slight tapping kinda like a shaky vest, should be low pitched

Question 40

chest expansion expected and unexpected

Answer 40

symetrical movement, hands in a "w" asymetrical, caused by fractured rib

Question 41

what areas do you auscultate?

Answer 41

bronchial: neck trachea (short to long) borchivesicular: over bronchi (even) vesicular: over chest (long to short)

Question 42

describe crackles

Answer 42

alveoli popping sounds like velcro

Question 43

describe wheezing

Answer 43

high pitched snoring sounds

Question 44

describe stridor

Answer 44

high pitched honking noise

Question 45

egophony

Answer 45

if you hear an "a" instead of "e" in the 99 test

Question 46

bronchophony

Answer 46

increased sounds

Question 47

what do expected sounds sound like?

Answer 47

faint

Question 48

Kassmaul respirations

Answer 48

Rapid breathing Fruity smell

Question 49

Cheyne strokes breathing

Answer 49

fast breathing then sudden stops

Question 50

How does age affect respiratory symptoms

Answer 50

Kyphosis is common with older age Dyspnea because of loss of elasticity