Respiratory system

Question 1

what is responsible for the exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood ?

Answer 1

Alveoli

Question 2

Structures of the alveoli

Answer 2

• Once cell thick walls
• capillary network surrounds the alveoli, so rich blood
  supply
• Huge surface area

Question 3

What is diffusion ?

Answer 3

the movement of gas molecules from an area of high concerntration or partial pressure to an area of low concerntration or partial pressure.

Question 4

What is gasseous exchange ?

Answer 4

The movement of oxygaen from the air into the blood, and carbon dioxide from the blood into the air.

Question 5

muscles used during inspiration

Answer 5

• Diaphragm
• External intercostals

Question 6

muscles used during expiration

Answer 6

• ( passive )
• Diaphragm and external intercostals just relax.

Question 7

muscles used during inspiration during exercise

Answer 7

• Diaphragm
• Extenal intercostals
• Sternoclydomastoid
• Scalenes
• Pectorials minor

Question 8

muscles used during expiration puring exercise

Answer 8

• Internal intercostals
• Adbominals

Question 9

Tidal volume

Answer 9

volume of air breathed in or out per breath
- increase during exercise

Question 10

Inspiritory reserve volume

Answer 10

Volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal breath.
- decrease during exercise

Question 11

Expiritory reserve volume

Answer 11

Volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal breath
- decrease duening exercise

Question 12

Residual volume

Answer 12

Volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum expiration.
- stays the same during exercise

Question 13

Minute ventilation

Answer 13

Volume of air breathed in or out per minute
- Big increase durning exercise

Question 14

What is a spirometer

Answer 14

A device that is used to measure the volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs.

Question 15

Vital capacity

Answer 15

The amount of air that the lungs can expell after maximum inspiration.

Question 16

What is partial pressure

Answer 16

the pressuere exerted by an individual gas when it exists within a mixture of gases.

Question 17

what is the concerntration gradient ?

Answer 17

It explains how gasses flow from an area of high concerntration to an area of low concerntration. The steeper the gradient ( difference between concerntration levels ), the faster diffusion occurs.

Question 18

True or false - The concerntration of oxygen in the alveoli during inspiration is higher than the concerntration of oxygen in the blood .

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Stages that occur if an decrease in blood pressure is detected.

Answer 19

• Baroreceptors detect decrease in diastolic pressure.
• Signal is sent to inspiratory center
• Signal is sent to the respiratory center ( in the medulla oblonglata)
• Stretch recpetors send a signal to the respiratory center, to prevent over - inflation of the lungs.
• Signal sent down phrenic nerve to the diaphragm and external intercostals to increase breathing rate.
• signal is sent down intercostal nerve to the abdominals and internal intercostals to increase expriration.

Question 20

stages that occur if an increase in blood acidity is detected.

Answer 20

• Chemoreceptors detect increase in acidity.
• Signal is sent to inspiratory center
• Signal is sent to the respiratory center ( in the medulla oblonglata)
• Stretch recpetors send a signal to the respiratory center, to prevent over - inflation of the lungs.
• Signal sent down phrenic nerve to the diaphragm and external intercostals to increase breathing rate.
• signal is sent down intercostal nerve to the abdominals and internal intercostals to increase expriration.

Question 21

Stages that occur if an increase in muscle movement is detected.

Answer 21

• proprioceptors detect an increase in muscle movement.
• Signal is sent to inspiratory center
• Signal is sent to the respiratory center ( in the medulla oblonglata)
• Stretch recpetors send a signal to the respiratory center, to prevent over - inflation of the lungs.
• Signal sent down phrenic nerve to the diaphragm and external intercostals to increase breathing rate.
• signal is sent down intercostal nerve to the abdominals and internal intercostals to increase expriration.

Question 22

Passage of air through the body.
( nearly lobbed the ball brilliantly again )

Answer 22

N - nose
L - larynx
T - trachea
B - bronchi
B - bronchioles
A - alveoli

Question 23

Effects of smoking on the respiratory system.

Answer 23

• Causes irratation of the trachea and bronchi
• Reduces lung function and increases breathlessness
  caused by the swelling and narrowing of the lungs airways.
• Can get smokers cough due to smoke damaging the cillia.
• Damages alvioli, increasing risk of COPD
• reduces o2 carrying capacity in the blood.

Question 24

What are cilia ?

Answer 24

Microscopic hair-like projections that help to sweep away fluids and particles.

Question 25

What is COPD

Answer 25

Name for a collection of diseases that are caused by smoking. For example emphysema - long erm progressive disease of the lungs that causes shortness of breath.