Respiratory system Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Respiratory system Deck (12)
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1
Q
  1. Epiglottis (HE)
A
  • epithelium: stratified squamous non-keratinized
  • laryngeal surface:
    • epithelium is narrower
    • epithelium transforms into ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
    • taste buds
  • lingual surface:
    • CT papilla
  • lamina propria: lymphocytes
  • submucosa: sero-mucous glands
  • fibro-elastric cartilage + small mucous glands
2
Q
  1. Larynx (HE)
A
  • thyroid cartilage (+ cricoid)
  • folds: vestibular + vocal
  • spaces: laryngeal vestibule + laryngeal sinus + cavum subglotticum
  • muscles: thyroarytenoid + thyroepiglottic + vocalis
  • epithelium: ciliated pseudo stratified columnar (exept vocal folds⇒non-keratinized stratified squamous)
  • lamina propria: thin, loose, cellular highly vascular CT
  • submucosa: loose CT + sero-mucous glands
  • membranes: quadrangular + conus elasticus
3
Q
  1. Trachea (HE)
A
  • cartilagineus part: Hyaline
  • membranous part: fibroelastic ligament + smooth muscle
  • epithelium: pseudo stratified ciliated columnar (+goblet cells)
  • lamina propria: loose, highly cellular + vascular CT + elastic fibers
  • submucosa: loose CT + sero-mucous glands + smooth muscle(trachealis muscle)
  • adventitia: CT + blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics
4
Q
  1. Lung (HE)
A
  • bronchi have cartilage, bronchioles do not
  • primary bronchi ⇒ terminal bronchi ⇒ bronchiole ⇒ terminal bronchiole ⇒ respiratory bronchiole ⇒ alveolar duct ⇒ alveolar sac
  • pulmonary artery branches parallel with air ways
  • pulmonary artery and vein have thinner walls
5
Q

Segmental bronchus

A
  • arise from secondary bronchi
  • epithelium: pseudo stratified ciliated columnar + goblet cells
  • lamina propria: thin
  • mucosal-submucosal boundary: smooth muscle layer
  • submucosa: loose CT + sero-mucous glands + cartilage
  • adventitia: outermost CT
6
Q

Bronchiole

A
  • arise from segmental bronchi
  • no cartilage
  • devoid of glands
  • epithelium: simple ciliated columnar
  • lamina propria: smooth muscle + elastic fibers
  • after death ⇒ star shaped lumen
7
Q

Respiratory bronchiole

A
  • arise from terminal bronchioles
  • epithelium: simple cuboidal
  • lamina propria: CT + smooth muscle
8
Q

Alveolar ducts

A
  • long passage that open into alveolar sac

- small aggregation of smooth muscle cells

9
Q

Pneumocytes

A

TYPE 1 PNEUMOCYTE:
- highly attenuated cytoplasm covering most of alveolar surface
- nuclear region not visible
TYPE 2 PNEUMOCYTE:
- round cells, large nuclei, vacuolated cytoplasm
- foamy cytoplasm
- secrete pulmonary surfactant

10
Q

ALveolar macrophages

A
  • interalveolar septa or luminal surface of pneumocytes
  • irregular shape and large size
  • dark due to dust and carbon
11
Q
  1. Lung (Resorcin fuchsin)
A
  • elastic fibers: blue
  • elastic fibers under epithelium
  • rich elastic network in alveolar wall
  • large pulmonary arteries: internal elastic membrane + external elastic membrane
12
Q
  1. Fetal lung (HE)
A
  • early alveolar phase (7th month)
  • glandular appearance
  • hyaline cartilage
  • pulmonary artery has thick muscular wall
  • alveolar epithelial cells do not differentiate until late pregnancy
  • secretion of surfactant in 7th month⇒ reduces tension in lungs