Respiratory System

Question 1

Adams apple

Answer 1

A projection of the thyroid cartilage at the front of the neck.

Question 2

Voice box

Answer 2

The larynx

Question 3

Trachea

Answer 3

A thin walled, cartilaginous tube descending from the larynx to the bronchi, carrying air to the lungs. Also called windpipe.

Question 4

Cardiac notch

Answer 4

The lateral deflection of the anterior border of the left lung, produced to accommodate for the heart.

Question 5

Thorax

Answer 5

The part of the body between the neck and the abdomen, separated from the abdomen by the diaphragm.

Question 6

Bronchial tree

Answer 6

The bronchi and their branching bronchioles.

Question 7

Alveoli

Answer 7

Small outpouchings along the walls of the alveolar sacs and alveolar ducts, through which gas exchange takes place between alveolar gas and pulmonary capillary blood.

Question 8

Photosynthesis

Answer 8

The formation of carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in the chlorophyll tissue of plants under the influence of light. Releasing molecular oxygen in the process.

Question 9

Cellular respiration

Answer 9

A catabolic process occurring in cells where complex organic molecules are broken down to release energy for other cellular processes.

Question 10

ATP

Answer 10

A nucleotide that is composed of adenosine and 3 phosphate groups. It releases energy when hydrolyzed to ADP. It is present in all cells and is used to store and transport energy needed for biochemical reactions.

Question 11

Nasal hairs

Answer 11

For filtering foreign particles from entering the nasal cavity and collecting moisture.

Question 12

Nasal cilia

Answer 12

Microscopic cellular strands that draw mucus up toward the pharynx via their coordinated back and forth beating.

Question 13

Mucus

Answer 13

Clear viscid fluid produced by the goblet cells of mucous membranes. It lubricates and protects.

Question 14

Larynx

Answer 14

The muscular and cartilaginous structure, lined with mucous membrane, situated at the top of the trachea and below the root of the tongue. It contains the vocal cords and passes air through it.

Question 15

Epiglottis

Answer 15

A leaf shaped plate of elastic fibrocartilage, covered with mucous membrane, at the root of the tongue. It stands erect when liquid are being swallowed but is passively bent over by solid foods, acting as a diverter valve over the superior aperture of the larynx.

Question 16

Esophagus

Answer 16

The muscular tube by which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach.

Question 17

Upper respiratory tract

Answer 17

The nose, throat and trachea

Question 18

Lower respiratory tract

Answer 18

The bronchi and lungs

Question 19

Bronchi

Answer 19

Branches of the trachea that extend into the lungs

Question 20

Brunchus

Answer 20

Singular of bronchi, one main branch of the trachea leading into the lungs

Question 21

Lobar bronchi

Answer 21

The secondary division of the main bronchi that supply the lobes of the lungs. There are 3 lobar bronchi on the right and 2 on the left

Question 22

Segmental bronchus

Answer 22

One of the divisions of the lobar bronchus that supplies a bronchopulmonary segment. There are 10 in the right lung and 9 in the left lung

Question 23

Carina

Answer 23

A ridge like structure of the lowest tracheal cartilage, between the openings of the right and left principal bronchi

Question 24

Conducting bronchioles

Answer 24

One of the smaller subdivisions of the bronchial tubes. Bronchioles have no cartilage in their walls, they also have few glands in their mucosa

Question 25

Respiratory bronchioles

Answer 25

The last division of the bronchial tree, continuing to the alveolar ducts.

Question 26

Terminal bronchioles

Answer 26

The penultimate subdivision of a bronchiole, leading to the respiratory bronchioles.

Question 27

Alveolar ducts

Answer 27

The part of the respiratory passages between the respiratory bronchiole and the alveolar sacs and alveoli. Lined by simple cuboidal cells.

Question 28

Alveolar sacs

Answer 28

A small air chamber in the pulmonary tissue from which the alveoli project and into which an alveolar duct opens

Question 29

Conducting zone

Answer 29

Made up of the nose, pharyns, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles. The function is to filter warm and moisten air and conduct it into the lungs.

Question 30

Respiratory zone

Answer 30

The respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli. The site of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.

Question 31

Inhale

Answer 31

To draw breath into the lungs

Question 32

Exhale

Answer 32

To emit gas or vapor, to breathe out.

Question 33

Sternum

Answer 33

A plate of long flat bone forming the middle of the anterior wall of the thorax, articulating with the clavicles and the cartilages of the first 7 ribs. It consisted of 2 parts; the corpus, the manubrium and the xiphoid process

Question 34

Intercostal muscles

Answer 34

Boluntarys muscles between each pair of ribs. On contracting, they raise the rib cage upwards and outwards to increase volume of the chest and cause air to be forced in by atmospheric pressure.

Question 35

Diaphragm

Answer 35

A muscular membranous partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities and functioning in respiration.

Question 36

Ribs

Answer 36

A series of long curved bones occurring in 12 pairs in human and extending from the spine towards the sternum.

Question 37

Elastin

Answer 37

A protein similar to collagen that is the principal structural component of elastic fibers

Question 38

Thermoregulation

Answer 38

Maintenance of a constant internal body temperature independent of the environmental temperature

Question 39

Respiration

Answer 39

The process of living organisms of taking in oxygen from the surroundings and giving out carbon dioxide.

Question 40

Ventilation

Answer 40

The act of supplying fresh air and getting rid of noxious air

Question 41

Pharynx

Answer 41

The section of alimentary canal between mouth and nasal cavities to the larynx

Question 42

Oral cavity

Answer 42

The opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

Question 43

Capillaries

Answer 43

The minute blood vessels that connect arterioles and venules. These blood vessels form an intricate network throughout the body for the interchange of various substances such as oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and tissue cells.

Question 44

Pulmonary artery

Answer 44

An artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs

Question 45

Pulmonary vein

Answer 45

A vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart