Respiratory System Flashcards
(39 cards)
1
Q
What is the function of the respiration system?
A
- Supply cells with oxygen
- Remove carbon dioxide waste
2
Q
Functions of Nose and Nasal cavity
A
- Inhaling and Exhaling
- Mucas lining and hairs (cilia) prevents foreign objects entering, warms the air and filters out impurities
3
Q
Functions of the Mouth and Oral cavity
A
- Secondary point of inhaling and exhaling
- Common tube of transport for both respiratory and digestive system
4
Q
Function of the Pharynx
A
- Common tube of transport for both respiratory and digestive system
5
Q
Function of the Larnyx?
A
- A passageway for air movement
- Contains vocal chords for speech
6
Q
Function of the Epiglottis?
A
- Hinged valve controlling air movement into tracea and food into oesophagus
- Prevents the reverse
7
Q
Function of the trachea
A
- Tube for air movement
- Armoured with cartridge rings to prevent collapse
- Contains glands to moisten air and trap particle
8
Q
Function of the lungs
A
- Exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen and vice versa
- Each lung is inside 2 membranes called the pleura
- The right Lung is 3 lobes, while the left has 2 due to the heart
9
Q
Function of the Bronchi
A
- 2 branches from the end of trachea, one to each lung as well of major subdivisions of these
- Also contains glands and cartlidge
10
Q
Function of the Bronchioles?
A
- Smaller subdivisions of Bronchi
- Air in Bronchioles is at body temprature, filtered and moisturised
11
Q
Function of the aveoli?
A
- Air sacs that are one cell thick
- Look like grapes
- Closely linked to capillaries
- Used for gas exchange
12
Q
Function of the ribcage?
A
- protects lungs and thoracic organs
- Used with intercostal muscles during breathing
13
Q
What are Intercostal muscles?
A
- Muscles between ribcage that contract and relax during breathing
14
Q
Function of the diaphram?
A
- Dome shaped muscle in bottom of ribcage
- Forms floor of thorcic cavity and roof of abdominal cavity
15
Q
Describe Breathing
A
- To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide there must be a method for bringing air into and out of the lungs
- Includes the processes of inspiration and expiration
16
Q
Mechanism for breathing
A
- Breathing relies on the passive ovement of air from areas of high pressure to areas of low prssure
17
Q
What is inspiration
A
- Taking air into the lungs
- Air flows from high pressure to low pressure
- Lung volume increases, lowering air pressure in the lungs
18
Q
Mechanics for Inspiration
A
- Diaphragm contracts, extending the chest cavity downwards
- External intercostal muscles contract extending the rib cage upwards and outwards
- The internal intercostal muscles relax
- As the pleura adheres to the internal wall of the chest cavity the lungs expand with the rib cage
- Air pressure now lower than the outside lungs causing air to flow in through the nose and trachea until air pressure stabilises
19
Q
What is expiration
A
- Moving air out of the lungs
-
20
Q
What is expiration
A
- Moving air out of the lungs
- Air flows from high to low pressure
- Lung volume decreases, increasing air pressure in the lungs
- Diaphragm relaxes, pushing the chest cavity upwards
- The internal intercostal muscles contract moving rib cage downwards and inwards
- External intercostal muscles relax
21
Q
Rest and Exertion
A
- At rest the diaphragm is mainly responsible for changes in chest volume
- During heavier breathing movements of the rib cage become more important
22
Q
Damage to the Pleura
A
- If the Pleura is damaged it can impact on lung expansion and cause significant pain
23
Q
Symptoms of Asthma
A
- Shortness of breath (especially at night)
- Wheezing - a whistling or hissing sound when breathing out
- Coughing - may be chronic( usually at night or when exposed to dry air)
- Chest tightness
24
Q
Symptoms of Asthma
A
-
25
Causes of Asthma
- Narrowing of the breaching airways, which interferes with normal movement of air into and out of the lungs
26
What is Bronchitis
A condition that occurs when the inner wals lining the main air passage of the lungs becomes infected and imflammed
27
Causes of Bronchitis
- caused by same virus that causes colds
- can develop from exposure to irratants
- can be brought on by gastroesophagel reflux disease
28
Causes of Bronchitis
- caused by same virus that causes colds
| - can develop from exposure to irratants
29
What is emphysema
occurs do to lack of elasticity in the walls of the aveoli. Eventually the walls stretch and break which results in less efficient gas exchange
30
Describe the heart
- The pump that pushes blood around your body
| - Membrane surrounding the heart = the pericardium which keeps the heart in place and stops it from overstretching
31
Describe the valves in the heart
- atrioventricular valves are between the atria and ventricles so blood cannot flow back into the ventricles. They have 2 cup/flaps of skin
- semi lunar valves = where blood leaves the heart. they have 3 flaps of skin
32
Describe blood vessels
- Blood flows around the body in blood vessels in a continuous pattern called circulation
33
What is an artery
Carries blood AWAY from the heart
34
What is a capillary?
Carries blood bewteen the cells
35
What is a vein?
Carries blood TO the heart
36
Describe blood flow in the arteries?
- Arteries are made of walls of smooth muscle and elastic fibres so they can stretch when blood is pumped into them
37
Describe smooth muscle contraction
When the muscles in the walls contract or relax, they are reducing or increasing the diameter of the artery to decrease/increase flow of blood in the body
- Contraction = vasonconstriction
- Relaxing = vasodilation
38
Arteries and Arteroles
- Arteries subdivide into smaller vessels (arterioles). They are the vessels that supply capillaries with blood
- They have walls of smooth muscle that comtract and relax to supply capillaries
39
Describe blood flow in veins
Veins sub divide into venules
- They dont have muscles walls and cannot chnage their diameter
- Waste products act as vasodilators
- Blood flow is constant is low
- Passeses vaves to stop backflow
