Respiratory System Anatomy

Question 1

What are the requirements to breath?

Answer 1

An open away
Effective muscles of respiration
A non-toxic atmosphere
Stable chest wall
Ability of the lungs to expand and contract
Free passage of gas from the alveoli and blood
Good circulation

Question 2

Percentage of oxygen inspired

Answer 2

21%

Question 3

Percentage of oxygen expired

Answer 3

16%

Question 4

percentage of c02 inspired

Answer 4

0.04%

Question 5

percentage of co2 expired

Answer 5

4%

Question 6

Pulmonary ventilation is?

Answer 6

movement of air in and out of the lungs

Question 7

External respiration is?

Answer 7

movement of oxygen from the lungs into the blood stream and co2 from the blood stream into the lungs

Question 8

internal respiration is?

Answer 8

movement of oxygen from the bloodstream into the cells and tissues and co2 from the cells and tissues into the bloodstream

Question 9

upper airway is?

Answer 9

nose to larynx

Question 10

lower airway is?

Answer 10

trachea to alveoli

Question 11

list the anatomy of the nasal cavity

Answer 11

nasal septum,
vestibule,
nasal conchae (turbulent air)
olfactory region

Question 12

anatomy of the pharynx (in order)

Answer 12

nasopharynx,
oropharynx
Laryngopharnyx

Question 13

Lower airway anatomy (in order)

Answer 13

Trachea,
carina,
left and right bronchus,
secondary bronchi,
tertiary bronchi,
Bronchioles,
alveoli.

Question 14

how many lobes in each lung (right/left)

Answer 14

3 lobes in the right
2 lobes in the left

Question 15

the entry point of the lungs for blood vessels, bronchi, lymph vessels, nerves is called?

Answer 15

The Hilum

Question 16

the 2 layers of serous membrane are called?

Answer 16

Visceral and Parietal layer

Question 17

What is in between the visceral and parietal layer?

Answer 17

pleural cavity

Question 18

how many alveoli per lung?

Answer 18

150 million

Question 19

How many intercostal spaces and muscles are they?

Answer 19

11 pairs of intercostal muscles, 12 spaces

Question 20

name the 3 accessory muscles used in respiration

Answer 20

sternocleidomastoid, scalenes and pectoralis minor/major

Question 21

what is the main muscle used in respiration?

Answer 21

the diaphragm

Question 22

what is anatomical dead space and the volume?

Answer 22

the residual volume which remains in the air passage but isn’t involved in alveoli exchange. 150mls

Question 23

what is tidal volume and the volume of this?

Answer 23

the amount of air that passes through and out the lung during quiet breathing. 500mls

Question 24

what is the inspiratory reserve volume and what is the volume of this?

Answer 24

the extra amount of air that can be inhaled into the lungs during maximal inspiration. 3100mls

Question 25

what is inspiratory capacity and the volume?

Answer 25

the amount of air that can be inspired, this is tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume 3600mls

Question 26

what is functional residual volume and the volume of this?

Answer 26

the amount of air remaining in the air passages and alveoli at the end of quiet expiration, the functional residual volume helps prevent the alveoli collapsing upon expiration. 2400mls

Question 27

what is the expiratory reserve volume

Answer 27

the largest amount of air that can be expired during maximal expiration 1200mls

Question 28

what is residual volume

Answer 28

amount of air left in the lungs following forced expiration 1200mls

Question 29

what is vital capacity

Answer 29

maximum volume of air which can be moved in and out of the lungs 4800mls

Question 30

which bronchus is shorter and more vertical

Answer 30

right main bronchus

Question 31

what are the accessory muscles used in respiration?

Answer 31

Sternomascloid, Scalene and Pectoralis major/minor

Question 32

What nerve controls the diaphragm?

Answer 32

The Phrenic Nerve

Question 33

The pharynx is where in correlation to the spine?

Answer 33

Anterior

Question 34

if either of the pleural cavity membranes puncture what happens?

Answer 34

Air will enter and fill the pleural cavity

Question 35

What connects the pharynx and the trachea?

Answer 35

The larynx

Question 36

Where are Central Chemoreceptors located?

Answer 36

The medulla oblongata

Question 37

What is the respiratory control centre in the brain?

Answer 37

The medulla oblongata

Question 38

How many C shaped rings make up the trachea?

Answer 38

16-20

Question 39

Define Pulmonary ventiliation

Answer 39

Exchange of air between the atmosphere and the lungs

Question 40

What does the nasal conchae do?

Answer 40

Creates turbulent airflow which keeps the air in the cavity for longer to aid with warming and filtering

Question 41

What system(s) is the pharynx a part of?

Answer 41

digestive and respiratory

Question 42

Where does the larynx move when swallowing

Answer 42

Upwards

Question 43

what nervous system causes the lungs to inflate and deflate?

Answer 43

autonomous nervous system

Question 44

what is the fluid called that coats the alveoli

Answer 44

surfactant

Question 45

what shape is the epiglottis?

Answer 45

Leaf shaped

Question 46

Deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs occurs through which blood vessel?

Answer 46

The pulmonary arteries

Question 47

Waste product of cell respiration

Answer 47

CO2

Question 48

Eustachian tubes connect the middle ear to?

Answer 48

Nasopharynx

Question 49

What is the total lung capacity

Answer 49

6000mls

Question 50

where does the trachea sit?

Answer 50

Anteriorly to the oesophagus

Question 51

Main muscle in respiration is?

Answer 51

the diaphragm

Question 52

The palatine tonsils are located where?

Answer 52

Oropharynx

Question 53

Largest part of the larynx

Answer 53

Thyroid Cartilage

Question 54

Value of carbon dioxide dissolved in plasma

Answer 54

7%

Question 55

Value of carbon dioxide that turn into bicarbonate ions in the blood

Answer 55

70%

Question 56

value of carbon dioxide that combines with the global portion of haemoglobin to from carbaminohaemoglobin

Answer 56

23%

Question 57

Normal pH level

Answer 57

7.35-7.45

Question 58

what stops the lungs from over inflating?

Answer 58

The pnemotaxic area in the pons