Respiratory System Medications Part 1

Question 1

Beta 2 -Adrenergic Agonists: Prototypes

Answer 1

Short Acting: albuterol [Proventil / Ventolin]
Long Acting: formoterol [Foradil / Aerolizer] & salmeterol [Serevent]

If it ends in -terol its likely a Beta 2 - Adrenergic Agonist

Question 2

Beta 2 - Adrenergic Agonists: EPA

Answer 2

Stimulates beta2-adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle resulting in bronchodilation

Question 3

Beta 2 - Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Use

Answer 3

Rescue medication used to treat or prevent bronchospasm in diseases like asthma or obstructive airway diseases

Question 4

Beta 2 - Adrenergic Agonists: ADRs

Answer 4

Chest pain, Palpitations, Nervousness, Restlessness, Tremors, and Agitation

Question 5

Beta 2 - Adrenergic Agonists: Contraindications

Answer 5

Severe CAD
MAOI and Tricyclic antidepressants as they increase the risk of HTN, tachycardia, and angina

Question 6

Inhaled Anticholinergics: Prototypes

Answer 6

ipratropium [Atrovent]

Question 7

Inhaled Anticholinergics: EPA

Answer 7

Blocks the muscarinic Ach receptors in the bronchi inhibiting bronchoconstriction

Question 8

Inhaled Anticholinergics: Therapeutic Use

Answer 8

Long-term management of asthma or COPD where bronchoconstriction and secretions are increased.

Question 9

Inhaled Anticholinergics: ADRs

Answer 9

Dry mouth, Urinary retention, and Increased intraocular pressure

Question 10

Inhaled Anticholinergics: Contraindications

Answer 10

Glaucoma, BPH, and Bladder neck obstruction.

Question 11

Methylxanthines: Prototype

Answer 11

theophylline [Theolair]

Question 12

Methylxanthines: EPA

Answer 12

Relaxes the Bronchial smooth muscle. [Promotes Bronchodilation]

Question 13

Methylxanthines: Therapeutic Use

Answer 13

Second-line treatment for chronic lung disorder [do not use for COPD]. Narrow therapeutic range

Question 14

Methylxanthines: ADRs

Answer 14

Tachycardia, Agitation, Seizures

Toxicity: Ventricular dysrythmia or convulsions

Question 15

Methylxanthines: Contraindications

Answer 15

Liver dysfunction, Heart disease, and Seizure disorders

Question 16

Inhaled Glucocorticoids: Prototype

Answer 16

beclomethasone [QVAR]

Question 17

Inhaled Glucocorticoids: EPA

Answer 17

Suppress release of inflammatory mediators and decrease airway eosinophil recruitment. Also increases sensitivity and number of bronchodilators

Question 18

Inhaled Glucocorticoids: Therapeutic Use

Answer 18

Prophylactic management of asthma with inhaled steroids.

Question 19

Inhaled Glucocorticoids: ADRs

Answer 19

Pharyngitis, Cough, Dry mouth, and Thrush [Rinse with water after use]

Question 20

Inhaled Glucocorticoids: Contraindications

Answer 20

Live virus immunizations and Oral candidaisis

Question 21

GLUCOCORTICOIDs: Prototype

Answer 21

prednisone
methylprednisolone [IV]

Question 22

GLUCOCORTICOIDs: EPA

Answer 22

All reduce inflammation. Varies for the most part though as multiple mechanisms of action

Question 23

GLUCOCORTICOIDs: Therapeutic Use

Answer 23

Decreases inflammation response. Used to treat: Asthma, COPD, Arthritis, Rhinitis, Cancer, Inflamed Bowels, and Spinal injuries

Question 24

GLUCOCORTICOIDs: ADRs

Answer 24

Weight gain
Hyperglycemia
Immunosuppression
Bone disease
Paper skin

Shock, Heart failure, and Cardiac dysrhythmia [Cardiovasular symptoms

Insomnia [CNS Stimulant[]

Fainting, Weakness, and Hypotension

Question 25

GLUCOCORTICOIDs: Contraindications

Answer 25

Any type of infection I.e: Live vaccines Systemic fungal infections Antibiotic-resistant infections

Question 26

GLUCOCORTICOIDs: Interventions

Answer 26

Take with food Taper Do not stop abruptly treats symptoms not cure.

Question 27

Leukotriene Modifiers: Prototype

Answer 27

montelukast [Singulair]

Question 28

Leukotriene Modifiers: EPA

Answer 28

Prevents leukotrienes from binding to receptors

Question 29

Leukotriene Modifiers: Therapeutic Use

Answer 29

Used in patients with asthma that does not respond to other treatments. Only PO NOT USED FOR ACUTE EPISODES OF ASTHMA Take 2 hours before exercise.

Question 30

Leukotriene Modifiers: ADRs

Answer 30

For the most part its just behavioral changes though... Black Box Warning: Neuropsychiatric events are reported [aggressive behavior, insomnia, suicidal ideation, and hallucination]

Question 31

Leukotriene Modifiers: Contraindications

Answer 31

Liver disease