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Flashcards in Respiratory System - Notes Deck (14)
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1
Q

What are the 4 types of respiration?

A

Breathing

External Respiration

Internal Respiration

Cellular Respiration

2
Q

What is external respiration?

A

The exchange of CO2 and O2 between the air and the blood in the lungs

3
Q

What is internal respiration?

A

Exchange of gases between blood and tissue fluid

Think Capillary Bed!

4
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

at the cellular level where ATP is made by mitochondria.

5
Q

List the important structures of the respiratory system

A

Trachea

Bronchus

Bronchioles

Lung

Ribs

Diaphragm

6
Q

What is the pathway of air during external respiration?

A

air goes to:

The Nasal Cavity

Pharynx

Larynx

Trachea

Bronchus

Lung

Bronchioles

Alveoli

7
Q

What are Alveoli?

A

Tiny sacs at the end of the bronchioles

High total surface area - which provides a greater area for diffusion of gases

Supplied with many capillaries - which increases diffusion of gases into the blood

Thin and Moist - which increases diffusion of gases

Lined with a layer of lipoprotein (surfactant) - to prevent the alveoli from collapsing on exhale

8
Q

What is a normal breathing rate in an adult?

A

14-20 breaths per minute

9
Q

What is inspiration?

A

taking of air in

10
Q

What is expiration?

A

the forcing of air out

11
Q

What are pleural membranes?

A

The membranes which enclose the lungs

The outer pleural membrane adheres closely to the walls of the chest and diaphragm and the inner is fused to the lungs

The two membranes lie very close to each other separated by a thin film of fluid

Help keep the lungs inflated and allow the lungs to move freely without friction in the thoracic cavity

12
Q

Where do you find cilia?

A

They line the upper airway (trachea & Bronchi) to help keep the windpipe free of debris.

13
Q

How does the nervous system control breathing?

A

During inspiration, the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata stimulates the rib (intercostal) muscles and the diaphragm to contract.

Nerve impulses from the expanded lungs then inhibit the respiratory center

Lack of stimulation causes the rib muscles and diaphragm to relax and expiration follows

When the concentration of CO2 and H+ ions (also HCO3- ions) reach a certain level in the blood, the breathing center in the medulla oblongata is stimulated so inspiration will occur.

14
Q
A