Respiratory Tract

Question 1

what is the purpose of the respiratory tract?

Answer 1

process of respiration

Question 2

what are the 2 components of the respiratory tract?

Answer 2

upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract

Question 3

what are the parts of the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 3

nose, paranasal sinuses, mouth, throat/pharynx and larynx

Question 4

what are the external parts of the nose?

Answer 4

nares, skin, muscle, bone and hyaline cartilage

Question 5

what is the external portion of the nose lined with?

Answer 5

mucous membranes

Question 6

what opens into the internal portion of the nose?

Answer 6

ducts from paranasal sinuses and the nasolacrimal duct

Question 7

what is the external nasal epithelium?

Answer 7

skin with hair and keratin

Question 8

what is the epithelium of the respiratory segment of the nose?

Answer 8

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 9

what is the epithelium of the olfactory segment of the nose?

Answer 9

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium and olfactory receptors

Question 10

what are the functions of the nose?

Answer 10

warms and filters the air, sense of smell, vocal resonance and modification of speech

Question 11

what is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 11

vocal resonance and modification of speech

Question 12

what is the function of the concahe/turbinates?

Answer 12

increase the surface area

Question 13

where are the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 13

beside the nose and within the skull and face

Question 14

what is the purpose of the sinuses?

Answer 14

to make the skull lighter

Question 15

name the sinuses

Answer 15

frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid and maxillary

Question 16

where are the frontal sinuses?

Answer 16

above the eye sockets

Question 17

where are the ethmoid sinuses?

Answer 17

between the eyesockets

Question 18

where are the sphenoid sinuses?

Answer 18

behind the ethmoid sinuses

Question 19

where are the maxillary sinuses?

Answer 19

above the upper 6

Question 20

what does fistula mean?

Answer 20

abnormal communication between 2 epithelial lined surfaces

Question 21

what is the pharynx?

Answer 21

muscular tube from the base of the skull to oesophagus

Question 22

what does the pharynx do?

Answer 22

conducts air and directs food to oesophagus

Question 23

what are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

Answer 23

nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Question 24

where is the sphenoid sinus in relation to the pharynx?

Answer 24

at the top of the pharynx

Question 25

what are the parts of the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 25

layrnx, trachea, right and left bronchi, lungs and blood-air barrier

Question 26

what is the larynx?

Answer 26

the voicebox and where the adams apple is

Question 27

how does the larynx act as a sphincter?

Answer 27

it directs food one way and air the other way

Question 28

what is the function of the larynx?

Answer 28

to generate sound

Question 29

how many cartilages are in the larynx?

Answer 29

9

Question 30

what are the different cartilages in the larynx?

Answer 30

thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform and epiglottis

Question 31

what is special about the cricoid cartilage?

Answer 31

it is the only cartilage to form a complete circle

Question 32

why are most cartilages a half circle?

Answer 32

because the oesophagus is behind it

Question 33

what does oedema mean?

Answer 33

swelling

Question 34

what vertebrae does the larynx associate with?

Answer 34

C3-C6

Question 35

where does the trachea begin with relation to vertebrae?

Answer 35

C6 (lower cricoid)

Question 36

what is the wall of the trachea composed of?

Answer 36

fibrous tissue

Question 37

what is the function of cartilage in the airway?

Answer 37

maintains patent airway

Question 38

what is in place of cartilage at the back of the trachea?

Answer 38

smooth muscle called trachealis

Question 39

what is the difference between a tracheostomy and a cricothyrotomy?

Answer 39

a tracheostomy is more long term than a cricothyrotomy

Question 40

what is the difference between the right and left bronchi?

Answer 40

the right is vertical with a greater diameter and is also shorter than the left bronchus. The left is curved and longer than the right bronchus

Question 41

if you were to accidentally inhale an object what bronchus is it most likely to go down and why?

Answer 41

the right because it is vertical

Question 42

what is the epithelium in the bronchi?

Answer 42

ciliated pseudostratified columnar

Question 43

what is special about the right lung and bronchi?

Answer 43

there is a superior, inferior AND middle bronchus

Question 44

what produces surfactant?

Answer 44

type 2 penumocytes