Respiratory Tract Flashcards
(47 cards)
What are the 2 components that make up the respiratory tract?
Upper respiratory tract
Lower respiratory tract
What is the purpose of the respiratory tract?
The process of respiration
Which structures make up the upper respiratory tract?
- Mouth
- Paranasal sinuses
- Mouth (incl. tonsils)
- Throat/pharynx
- Larynx
What type of tissue lines the inner portion of the nose?
Mucous membrane
What is the protuberance of the nose?
Nostrils
What type of cartilage is present in the nose?
Hyaline cartilage
Where is the nasal cavity located in relation to the nose?
Superior and posterior to the nose
What are the superior and inferior boundaries of the nasal cavity?
Superior = anterior cranial fossa Inferior = mouth
The nasal cavity is continuous with which structures?
External nose (nares) and pharynx
Which ducts open into the nasal cavity?
Ducts from paranasal sinuses and the nasolacrimal duct
What is the nasal septum composed of?
Cartilage and bone
What type of epithelium lines the respiratory segment of the nose?
Ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium
What type of epithelium lines the olfactory segment of the nose?
Ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium with olfactory receptors
What is the function fo the conchae/turbinates?
Warms and filters air
What do olfactory receptors in the nose enable?
Small
Which structure is responsible for vocal resonance and modification of speech?
Paranasal sinuses
What are paranasal sinuses?
Air filled structures within the bones of the skull and face
What is the purpose of the paranasal sinuses?
To make the head lighter
What is the inferior boundary of the maxillary sinuses?
Maxillary molars
What is a fistula?
Abnormal communication exists between 2 epithelium lined organs/structures that do not usually connect
What is an oro-antral fistula?
An opening created between the paranasal sinus and the mouth. The 2nd upper molar is directly below the paranasal sinus. Floor of the paranasal sinus can be removed by accident when extracting this tooth.
What is the pharynx?
Muscular tube from the base of the skull to the oesophagus (~C6)
What is the purpose of the pharynx?
Conducts air
Muscles direct food to oesophagus
What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?
Nasopharyx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx