Respiratory Tract Infections 3 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Respiratory Tract Infections 3 Deck (32)
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1
Q

Strep pyogenes will depict a pattern of ____ hemolysis on blood agar which is caused by the production of ________

A

β hemolysis; caused by the production of streptolysin S

2
Q

scraping of the pseudomembrane due to C. diphtheria will result in _____-

A

bleeding

3
Q

Group A strep (GAS) induces pus formation due to ______ production

A

leukocidin

4
Q

__________ of EF-2 will inactivate EF-2 and present protein synthesis and thus causes cell death

A

ribosylation

5
Q

“thumb sign” on X ray is indicative of _________

A

enlarged epiglottis; (most common cause is H. influenza)

6
Q

what are some clinical symptoms of someone suffering from respiratory diphtheria

A
  • exudative pharyngitis, sore throat, fever
  • respiratory obstruction due to pseudomembrane
  • carditis and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
7
Q

because diphtheria is part of the normal flora, how does it acquire toxin producing genes?

A

via β prophage carrying genes for the toxin (lysogeny)

- the phage from one patient can infect the normal nontoxigenic diphtheroid of another

8
Q

what is the main virulence factor of corynebacterium diptheriae

A

diphtheria EXOtoxin (genes for the toxin is acquired via lysogenic conversion)

9
Q

thick pseudomembrane developing over the pharynx causing respiratory obstruction is a feature of what pathogen

A

Cornybacterium diptheriae

10
Q

what is the use of the Elek test?

A

used to test for toxigenicity; the filter paper contains antitoxin and there are two lines perpendicular to it: one that is the control ad the second is the clinical isolate with the toxin

11
Q

what are some bacterial causes of sinusitis and acute otitis media? (3)

A
  • strep pneumoniae
  • H. influenza
  • Moraxella catarrhalis
12
Q

metachromatically staining on Loeffler’s coagulated serum is a distinguishing feature of what bacteria?

A

corynebacterium diptheriae

13
Q

streptolysin S and streptolysin O are toxins associated with ________ (bacteria)

A

Group A Strep ( Strep pyogenes)

14
Q

describe the biology of corynebacterium

A

gram POSITIVE rods, non spore forming, aerobic

15
Q

the capsule on H. influenza is composed of ______

A

PRP (polyribose ribitol phosphate)

16
Q

what is the growth requirements for H. influenza

A
  • chocolate agar with factor X and factor V
17
Q

______ is the most common cause of epiglottitis

A

H. influenza

18
Q

describe the biology of H. influenza

A

it is a GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA

  • pleomorphic
  • coccobacillus
  • facultative anaerobe
19
Q

describe the rash seen in scarlet fever

A
  • begins on the chest and spreads to the extremities

SPARES PALMS AND SOLES

20
Q

EF (elongation factor) -2 is inactivated by the A subunit of the ________ toxin by ribosylation

A

diphtheria

21
Q

group A strep’s capsule is made of _______

A

hyaluronic acid

22
Q

club shaped, “Chinese letters” arrangement or picket fence pattern is used to describe what genus of bacteria?

A

corynebacterium

23
Q

inactivation of EF-2 is seen in the pathogenesis of what bacteria?

A

corynebacterium diptheriae

24
Q

what are some clinical syndromes associated with H. influenza?

A
  • epiglottitis
  • otitis media
  • pneumonia
  • meningitis
25
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheria is grown on _____ agar

A

tellurite agar because it has the enzyme tellurite reductase which allows it to grow on it

26
Q

what is the Quellung reaction and what is an example of a bacteria is it used for?

A
  • put in the bacteria in a serum that has antibodies against its capsule. will see the bacterial swell.

used for strep pneumonia because that is one of the strep’s that couldn’t be grouped using the Lancefield method

27
Q

there is a vaccine for H influenza, specifically type ___

A

type b

28
Q

type ____ of H influenza is associated with invasive disease

A

type b

29
Q

P-2 outer membrane protein that attaches to __________ is a virulence factor for _____

A

sialic acid containing mucin oligosaccharides;

H. influenza

30
Q

______ can be heard on patients with airflow obstruction of the larger airways

A

stridor; seen in C. diphtheria patients in who the pseudomembrane blocks the airway

31
Q

Quellung reaction is used to serotype which organisms? (4)

A
  • Strep pneumonia
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • H. influenza
  • Neisseria meningitides
32
Q

which bacteria as a PRP containing capsule

A

H. influenza