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Respirtory Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

A

Volume that can be forcibly inhaled after tidal inhalation

3,000 mL

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2
Q

Tidal Volume (Vt)

A

Volume that enters and exits the lungs during normal tidal breathing

500 mL

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3
Q

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

A

Volume that can be forcibly exhaled after tidal exhalation

1,100 mL

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4
Q

Residual volume (RV)

A

Volume that remains in lungs after complete exhalation (cannot be exhaled)

1,200 mL

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5
Q

Closing volume (CV)

A

The volume above residual volume where the small airways begin to close

~ 30% of TLC at 20 y/o
~ 50% of TLC at 70 y/o

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6
Q

Total lung capacity (TLC)

A

RV + ERV + Vt + IRV

5,800 mL

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7
Q

Vital capacity (VC)

A

ERV + Vt + IRV

4,600 mL (65-75 mL/kg)

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8
Q

Inspiratory capacity (IC)

A

Vt + IRV

3,500 mL

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9
Q

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

A

RV + ERV

2,300 mL (35 mL/kg)

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10
Q

Closing capacity (CC)

A

Absolute volume of gas contained in the lungs when the small airways close

Variable

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11
Q

What does it do to FRC?

Obesity

A

⬇️

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12
Q

What does it do to FRC?

GA

A

⬇️

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13
Q

What does it do to FRC?

Pregnancy

A

⬇️

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14
Q

What does it do to FRC?

Neonate

A

⬇️

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15
Q

What does it do to FRC?

Advanced age

A

⬆️

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16
Q

What does it do to FRC?

Supine

A

⬇️

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17
Q

What does it do to FRC?

Lithotomy

A

⬇️

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18
Q

What does it do to FRC?

T-burg

A

⬇️

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19
Q

What does it do to FRC?

Prone

20
Q

What does it do to FRC?

Sitting

21
Q

What does it do to FRC?

Lateral

22
Q

What does it do to FRC?

NMBs

23
Q

What does it do to FRC?

Light anesthesia

24
Q

What does it do to FRC?

Excessive IVF

25
What does it do to FRC? High FiO2
⬇️ (Absorption atelectasis > conversion of low V/Q unit > shunt unit) *FiO2
26
What does it do to FRC? Poor pulmonary compliance
⬇️
27
What does it do to FRC? COPD
⬆️ (Air trapping > ⬆️ RV > ⬆️ FRC)
28
What does it do to FRC? PEEP
⬆️
29
What does it do to FRC? Sigh breaths
⬆️
30
Factors that ⬆️ closing volume (6)
CLOSE-P 1. COPD 2. LV failure 3. Obesity 4. Surgery 5. Extremes of age 6. Pregnancy
31
Calculate time until patient desaturates
Time until desat = FRC / VO2
32
Consequences of aging on lung volumes and capacities (4)
1. Increased FRC 2. Increased CC 3. Increased RV 4. Decreased VC
33
Oxygen content formula
Measure of how much O2 is present in 1 deciliter (100 mL) of blood *CaO2 = (1.34 x Hgb x SaO2) + (PaO2 x 0.003)* Reference value = 20 mL O2/dL
34
Oxygen delivery equation
Oxygen delivery tells us how fast a quantity of O2 is delivered to tissues *DO2 = CaO2 x CO x 10* Reference value = 1,000 mL O2/min
35
Oxygen consumption equation
Oxygen consumption is the difference between the amount of O2 that leaves the lungs and the amount of O2 that returns to the lungs *VO2 = CO x (CaO2 - CvO2) x 10* Reference value = 250 mL/min or 3.5 mL/kg/min
36
2 Ways that O2 is transported in the blood
1. Reversibly binds to Hgb (97%) 2. Dissolves in the plasma (3%)
37
Normal Hgb and HCT
Male: 15 g/dL and 45% Female: 13 g/dL and 39%
38
Oxygen is ______x less soluble than CO2
20x
39
8 things that cause a left shift (decreased P50/increased affinity for O2) in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve:
1. Alkalosis (increased pH) 2. Decreased temperature 3. Decreased 2,3-DPG 4. Decreased CO2 5. Decreased H+ 6. Fetal Hgb / Hgb F 7. Methemoglobin / HgbMet 8. Carboxyhemoglobin / HgbCO
40
5 things that cause a right shift (increased P50/decreased affinity for O2) in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve:
1. Acidosis (Decreased pH) 2. Increased temperature 3. 2,3 DPG 4. Increased CO2 5. Increased H+
41
Bohr effect describes ______ carriage…
Oxygen The Bohr effect says that CO2 and decreased pH cause the erythrocytes to release O2.
42
Haldane effect describes ______ carriage…
CO2 The Haldane effect says that O2 causes the erythrocytes to release CO2 (deoxygenated blood can carry more CO2)
43
Hypercapnia = PaCO2 > _______
>45 mmHg
44
3 Causes of hypercapnia:
1. Increased CO2 production 2. Decreased CO2 elimination 3. Rebreathing
45
Respiratory pacemaker is the _________________________
Dorsal respiratory center (Recent evidence says the pre-Botzinger complex which the DRG is a part of)
46
Nerves that makes up the afferent limb of the carotid bodies
Herring’s nerve and the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN 9)
47
Peripheral chemo receptors in the carotid bodies primarily respond to __________
PaO2

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