Respondent conditioning Flashcards
(18 cards)
Which E is associated with respondent behavior?
Elicited.
unconditioned stimulus (US)
stimulus that naturally elicits a reflexive response
unconditioned response (UR)
reflexive response naturally elicited by an unconditioned stimulus
Neutral stimulus
stimulus has no effect on reflexive response
conditioned stimulus
neutral stimulus that is paired with an unconditioned stimulus
conditioned response
response elicited by a conditioned stimulus
Respondent conditioning
entails manipulating stimulu that elicit a reflexive response
differnt timing of stimuli
- trace conditioning
- delay conditioning
- simultaneous conditioning
- backward conditioning
Trace conditioning
NS presneted before US. They do not overlap in time
Delay conditioning
onset of NS occurs before onset of US. BUT, They do overlap in time.
Simultaneous conditioning
NS and US are presented at the same time.
Backward conditioning
US presented before NS.
High order conditinoning
NS is paired with an established CS a number of times, the NS itself becomes a CS that will then elicit the same CR.
Respondent extinction
repeated presentation of CS without the US causes weakening of CR.
Spontaneous recovery
presenting CS after extinction elicits a CR.
what are two things Albert showed that clued researchers to belive that he did not have neurological deficet?
Gaze monitoring and Pincer grasp.
Factors influencing effectivenss of respondent conditioning?
- the nature of the US and the NS: high intensity of US, high salience of NS
- temporal relationship between the NS and the US. NS should precede US, shorter interval is better.
- contingency between the NS and the US: should occur together on every trial.
- if there are multiple NSs, the one most consistently associated with the US produces a stronger association.
- the number of pairing of NS and the US
- previous exposure to the NS/ prior learning.
Differences between respondent and operant conditionign
- respondent behaviour are elicited ( automatic, refliexive, involuntary) by a CS or US vs. operant behaviorus are evoked ( voluntary ) by an SD.
- respondent conditioning involves pairing an NS with a US before a response has occured vs. operant conditioning involves consequences after a response
- repsondent extintion occurs when a CS is presented without THE US vs. operant extinction occurs when reinforcement no longer occurs after a behaviour.
- they may also work together.
